Grading scale

When you take an exam, you'll get a grade according to the scale A, B, C, D, E, F, or you'll get a grade set as "Pass" or "Fail".

How are the grades set?

The different grades are given according to the following general, qualitative criteria:

A – Excellent

An outstanding performance that clearly stands out. The candidate demonstrates very good judgement and a high degree of independence.

B – Very good

A very good performance. The candidate shows very good judgement and independence.

C – Good

A consistently good performance that is satisfactory in most areas. The candidate demonstrates good judgement and independence in the most important areas.  

D – Satisfactory

An acceptable performance with some significant shortcomings. The candidate demonstrates a certain degree of judgement and independence.

E – Sufficient    

The performance meets the minimum requirements, but no more. The candidate shows little judgement and independence.

F – Fail

Performance that does not meet the minimum academic requirements. The candidate demonstrates both a lack of judgement and independence.

Last updated: 05.02.2025