Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting in Health (BCEPS)

Bakgrunn

Dette prosjektet er finansiert av Norad fra januar 2022 til desember 2025, og fokuserer på å definere viktige NCD(ikke-smittsomme sykdommer)-pakker og tjenesteleveranser.

Under ledelse av professorene Ole F. Norheim og Kjell Arne Johansson har BCEPS som mål å støtte partnere gjennom det WHO-ledede DECIDE-nettverket, og gi teknisk assistanse, beslutningsstøtte og kapasitetsstyrking for å definere viktige UHC-pakker (universell helsedekning) for NCD i Tanzania, Nepal, Ghana og Afrika CDC. Gjennom sin partner, Center for Integration Science in Global Health Delivery ved Harvard Medical School's Brigham and Women's Hospital, ledet av Gene Bukhman, utvikler prosjektet også anbefalinger for integrert levering av prioriterte tiltak i utvalgte land.

Målsetting

Målet med prosjektet er å forbedre effektiviteten, rettferdigheten og den finansielle risikobeskyttelsen fra viktige NCD-pakker i utvalgte land. Effekten på forventet levealder ved fødselen, sykdomsbyrde, rettferdighetsindekser for tilgang og indikatorer for helseresultater, egenandeler og andel katastrofale helseutgifter vil bli målt i prosjektet og supplert med data fra IHME, WHO og Verdensbankens UHC/SDG-indikatorer.

Forventede resultater

• Resultat 1: Definert og foreslått viktige NCD UHC-pakker i Tanzania, Nepal, Ghana og for CDC i Afrika (BCEPS)
• Resultat 2: Opplærte nasjonale eksperter i helseøkonomi og prioritering. Et utvalgt antall ph.d.-kandidater og masterstudenter vil bli rekruttert fra de utvalgte landene og få sitt vitnemål fra UiB, hvoretter de vil bli ansatt og plassert i helseøkonomiske enheter i sine hjemland (BCEPS).
• Resultat 3: Anbefalinger for integrert levering av prioriterte tiltak i Tanzania, Nepal, Ghana og Etiopia (BWH)

Bakgrunn

EQUIFINANCE-prosjektet, «Equity and financial household impact in randomized controlled trials, implementation research and cohort studies in India», er finansiert av Norges forskningsråd, og utvikler og anvender metoder for å måle effekten av helsetiltak i eksperimentelle settinger.

Prosjektet ledes av professor Kjell Arne Johansson og er et samarbeid mellom BCEPS, Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC) ved Universitetet i Bergen, Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies (CHRD-SAS) i India, og Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), også det i India.

Hovedideen bak EQUIFINANCE er å utvikle og evaluere nye metoder for å vurdere effekten av helsetiltak på husholdningenes egenkapital og økonomiske avkastning (finansiell risikobeskyttelse).

Equity and Poverty Impact of Community-Initiated Kangaroo Mother Care (ciKMC) 

Denne studien har til hensikt å vurdere effekten av opplæring av mødre i Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) i lokalsamfunnet for å redusere dødelighet og sykelighet hos barn med lav fødselsvekt. KMC omfatter hud-mot-hud-kontakt mellom mor og barn og fullamming.

Studier viser at KMC kan resultere i en 340 % relativ reduksjon i neonatal dødelighet, 65 % relativ reduksjon i risikoen for nosokomiale infeksjoner eller sepsis, kortere sykehusopphold og lavere risiko for nedre luftveisinfeksjoner hos barn med lav fødselsvekt.

Healthcare Expenditure Survey

På verdensbasis har rundt 13 % av husholdningene katastrofale helseutgifter (CHE), det vil si helseutgifter som utgjør mer enn 10 % av husholdningens inntekt, og i India er denne andelen rundt 17 %.

I denne studien tar vi sikte på å vurdere behovet for forebyggende, helsefremmende og helbredende helsetjenester og estimere de tilhørende kostnadene. Dette vil gi oss dokumentasjon av høy kvalitet på direkte medisinske og ikke-medisinske utgifter samt indirekte kostnader som følge av produktivitetstap, andelen husholdninger som opplever katastrofale helseutgifter og utarming på grunn av helsesøking.

Action III 

En randomisert, dobbeltblindet, placebokontrollert, trearmet, parallellgruppe-, dobbeltblindet, randomisert studie av to doser kortikosteroider til kvinner med høy sannsynlighet for sen prematur fødsel på sykehus i lavressursland for å forbedre nyfødtutfallet: Konsekvenser for rettferdighet, fattigdom og kostnadseffektivitetsanalyse.

Denne studien tar sikte på å vurdere tiltakets innvirkning på rettferdighet på tvers av husholdningenes forbruksnivå, kjønn, bosted og mors utdanning.

Studien av effekten på fattigdom og rettferdighet som er en del av ACTION 3-studien, vil:

• Vurdere effekten av intervensjonen på tvers av husholdningenes forbruksnivå, kjønn, bosted, mors utdanning og religion.
• Estimere utgiftene til egenandeler, katastrofale helseutgifter og utarming som følge av at spedbarnet og moren søker helsehjelp.
• Vurdere kostnadseffektiviteten av de to regimene med ACS sammenlignet med standardbehandling fra et samfunnsperspektiv.
• Vurdere den utvidede kostnadseffektiviteten av de to regimene med ACS sammenlignet med standardbehandling og evaluere kostnad per fordelingsvirkning av økonomisk beskyttelse og helsefordeler på tvers av forbruksgrupper i husholdningene.

Group for Advanced Research on Birth outcomes - DBT India Initiative  (GARBH-Ini-Equity) 

Denne studien vil spesielt fokusere på å analysere de økonomiske konsekvensene for familiene til risikobarn og de ekstra helseutgiftene som distriktssykehuset pådrar seg i forbindelse med oppfølgingen av disse barna i GARBH-ini-kohorten. Det vil bli samlet inn informasjon for å få en total oversikt over husholdningenes forbruk og helseutgifter som påløper for familiene til risikobarn, og utgifter som påløper for helsevesenet i forbindelse med etablering og gjennomføring av oppfølgingsprogrammet for risikobarn ved distriktssykehuset etter ett og to års oppfølging.

GARBHI-Ini fase II-studien av husholdningenes økonomi og økonomiske innvirkning har som mål å:

• Vurdere ulikheter i vekst- og utviklingsresultater på tvers av husholdningenes forbruksnivå og mors utdanning.
• Estimere kostnadene ved egenandeler, katastrofale helseutgifter og utarming på grunn av helsetjenester for spedbarn i høyrisikogruppen og ikke-høyrisikogruppen.
• Beregne kostnadene ved å overvåke nevrologisk utvikling fra et samfunnsperspektiv.

Equity and Poverty Impact of Zinc-sepsis 

Dette studieprosjektet har til hensikt å undersøke sink som supplement til behandling av klinisk alvorlig infeksjon hos spedbarn yngre enn 2 måneder.

Målene er helsegevinst, økonomisk risikobeskyttelse og kostnadseffektivitetsanalyse.

Studien tar sikte på å evaluere de helsemessige og økonomiske konsekvensene av å gi sink som tillegg til standard behandling til spedbarn (3-59 dager) som er innlagt på sykehus med «klinisk alvorlig infeksjon».

En randomisert, dobbeltblindet, placebokontrollert studie skal måle i hvilken grad 10 mg elementært sink per dag til spedbarn i alderen 1 dag til 2 måneder som er innlagt på sykehus med svært alvorlig sykdom, vil redusere risikoen for at de dør. Studien har inkludert 2913 spedbarn i India fordelt på fem sentre, ettersom de har en stor andel av små spedbarn med svært alvorlig sykdom og gir omsorg til alle samfunnsgrupper i denne regionen. Data om egenkapital og økonomisk risikobeskyttelse ble samlet inn parallelt med studien for 705 familier, og de endelige dataene fra denne studien blir nå klargjort for analyse.

Disease Control Priorities-prosjektet ble startet i 1993 og har som mål å fremme bruken av økonomiske data for å fastsette helseprioriteringer og bekjempe sykdomsbyrden, særlig i lavressursområder.

DCP4 bygger videre på tidligere utgaver for å bidra til å omsette økonomisk kunnskap til bedre prioritering av helsetjenester på både globalt og nasjonalt nivå.

Varighet: Fra 2021 til 2031

Sekretariat: Universitetet i Bergen Universitetet i Bergen, Norge

Ansvarlig redaktør: Ole F. Norheim

Struktur: Inndelt i fire bind

Besøk DCP-4s nettsted her. Volum 1 er nå publisert og kan lastes ned gratis fra prosjektets nettside.

DCP4 bygger på Disease Control Priorities 1 til 3 for å bidra til å omsette økonomisk evidens til en bedre tilnærming for prioritering av universell helsedekning (UHC) og tverrsektorielle og internasjonale helsetiltak. Dette skal oppnås gjennom samarbeid og kapasitetsstyrking i en utvalgt gruppe lav- og lav- og mellominntektsland (LMIC). DCP4 vil være relevant for alle land som er forpliktet til å øke den offentlige finansieringen av UHC, og som erkjenner behovet for å sette prioriteringer på veien mot å nå bærekraftsmålene under og etter covid-19-pandemien.

DCP4 har som mål å:

• Rapportere om nylige DCP-landsledede initiativer og erfaringer med prioriteringer for sykdomsbekjempelse, utforming og implementering av viktige fordelspakker
• Evaluere globale trusler mot helse og politisk beredskap og respons på områder som pandemier, One Health, klimaendringer og antimikrobiell resistens (AMR)
• Oppdatere og revidere DCP3s viktige UHC-pakker og tverrsektorielle retningslinjer med ny kunnskap, nye analyser og forbedrede måter å rapportere og samhandle med landsstyrte initiativer på. Hovedvekten vil ligge på primærhelsetjenester, styrking av helsesystemer, rettferdighet og beskyttelse mot økonomisk risiko.

DCP4 vil bli utgitt av Verdensbanken i fire bind:

• Bind 1: Country-Led Priority-Setting for Health (Landstyrt prioritering av helse)
• Bind 2: Pandemic Preparedness, Prevention, and Response (Pandemiberedskap, forebygging og respons)
• Volume 3: Interventions Outside the Health Care System (Tiltak utenfor helsevesenet)
• Volume 4: Universal Health Coverage (Universell helsedekning)

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• Memirie ST, Yigezu A, Zewdie SA, Mirkuzie AH, Bolongaita S, Verguet S. Hospitalization costs for COVID-19 in Ethiopia: Empirical data and analysis from Addis Ababa's largest dedicated treatment center. PLoS One. 2022 Jan 21;17(1):e0260930. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260930. PMID: 35061674; PMCID: PMC8782501.
• Gibbs N, Angus C, Dixon S, Parry C, Meier P, Boachie M, Verguet S. Equity impact of minimum unit pricing of alcohol among household health among rich and poor drinkers in South Africa. BMJ Glob Health; 2022 Jan;7(1):e007824. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007824
• Memirie ST, Dagnaw WW, Habtemariam MK, Bekele A, Yadeta D, Bekele A, BekeleW, Gedefaw M, Assefa M, Tolla MT, Misganaw A, Gupta N, Bukhman G, Norheim OF. Addressing the Impact of Non communicable Diseases and Injuries (NCDIs) in Ethiopia: Findings and Recommendations from the Ethiopia NCDI Commission. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2022 Jan;32(1):161-180. doi: 10.4314/ejhs.v32i1.18.

• Choudhary TS, Mazumder S, Haaland ØA, Taneja S, Bahl R, Martines J, Bhan MK,Johansson KA, Sommerfelt H, Bhandari N, Norheim OF. Health equity impact of community-initiated kangaroo mother care: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Equity Health. 2021 Dec 24;20(1):263. doi: 10.1186/s12939-021-01605-0.
• Lofgren KT, Watkins DA, Memirie ST, Salomon JA, Verguet S. Balancing health and financial protection in health benefit package design. Health Econ. 2021 Dec;30(12):3236-3247. doi: 10.1002/hec.4434
• Emanuel EJ, Fabre C, Herzog L, Norheim OF, Persad G, Schaefer GO, Tan KC. Obligations in a global health emergency - Authors' reply. Lancet. 2021 Dec 4;398(10316):2072. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02645-3
• Chalabianloo F, Ohldieck C, Haaland ØA, Fadnes LT, Johansson KA. Effectiveness and Safety of Low-Threshold Opioid-Agonist Treatment in Hard-To-Reach Populations with Opioid Dependence. Eur Addict Res. 2021 Dec 3:1-11. doi:10.1159/000520185. Epub ahead of print.
• Hangoma P, Moonga-Mukale K. Impact of night travel ban on road traffic crashes and fatalities in Zambia: an interrupted time series analysis. BMJ GlobHealth. 2021 Dec;6(12):e005481. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005481.
• Hailu A, Gebreyes R, Norheim OF. Equity in public health spending in Ethiopia: a benefit incidence analysis. Health Policy and Planning, Volume 36, Issue Supplement_1, December 2021, Pages i4-13, https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab060. 12 November 2021.
• Shewamene Z, Tiruneh G, Abraha A, Reshad A, Terefe MM, Shimels T, Lemlemu E,Tilahun D, Wondimtekahu A, Argaw M, Anno A, Abebe F, Kiros M. Barriers to uptake of community-based health insurance in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Health Policy Plan. 2021 Nov 11;36(10):1705-1714. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czab080.
• Feldhaus IM, Nagpal S, Verguet S. Alleviating the burden of diabetes with Health Equity Funds: economic evaluation of the health and financial risk protection benefits in Cambodia. PLoS ONE; 5 November 2021. 16(11):e0259628. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259628
• Dhufera HT, Jbaily A,  Verguet S, Tolla MT, Johansson KA, Memirie ST. Financial risk of road traffic trauma care in public and private hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional observational study. ScienceDirect; 8 November 2021.
• Norheim OF, Frost P. Treffsikker fosterdiagnostikk gir nye etiske spørsmål[Accurate fetal diagnostics raise new ethical questions]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2021 Nov 8;141(16). Norwegian. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0735.
• Emanuel EJ, Buchanan A, Chan SY, Fabre C, Halliday D, Leland RJ, Luna F, McCoy MS,  Norheim OF, Schaefer GO, Tan KC, Wellman CH. On the Ethics of Vaccine Nationalism: The Case for the Fair Priority for Residents Framework. Ethics & International Affairs, 1-20. doi:10.1017/S0892679421000514; 29 October 2021.
• Anand Bhopal, Ole F. Norheim. Priority setting and net zero healthcare: how much health can a tonne of carbon buy? BMJ 2021;375:e067199. 28 October 2021.
• Kinyoki D, Osgood-Zimmerman AE, Bhattacharjee NV; Local Burden of Disease Anaemia Collaborators (including Shoaib Hassan), Kassebaum NJ, Hay SI. Anemia prevalence in women ofreproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018. NatMed. 2021 Oct;27(10):1761-1782. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01498-0. Epub 2021 Oct12.
• Abdene Weya Kaso, Alemayehu Hailu. Costs and cost-effectiveness of Gene Xpert compared to smear microscopy for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis using real-world data from Arsi zone, Ethiopia. PlOS ONE. 25 October 2021.
• NCDI Poverty Network (including Ole F. Norheim). From a Lancet Commission to the NCDI Poverty Network: reaching the poorest billion through integration science. The Lancet. 20 October 2021.
• Admassu N. Lamu, Ole F. Norheim, Fredrik A. Gregersen, Mathias Barra. Cycle-network expansion plan in Oslo: Modeling cost-effectiveness analysis and health equity impact. Health Economics; 5 October 2021
• Stéphane Verguet, Ole F. Norheim. Estimating and Comparing Health and Financial Risk Protection Outcomes in Economic Evaluations. Value in Health; 4 October 2021.
• Vold JH, Chalabianloo F, Aas CF, Løberg EM, Johansson KA, Fadnes LT. Changes in substance use during outpatient treatment for substance use disorders: a prospective Norwegian cohort study from 2016 to 2020. Subst Abuse Treat PrevPolicy. 2021 Sep 15;16(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s13011-021-00403-9.
• Alemayehu Hailu, Getachew Teshome Eregata, Amanuel Yigezu, Melanie Y. Bertram, Kjell Arne Johansson, Ole F. Norheim. Contextualization of cost-effectiveness evidence from literature for 382 health interventions for the Ethiopian essential health services package revision. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 19, 58 (2021); 14 September 2021.
• Jo Y, Kagujje M, Johnson K, Dowdy D, Hangoma P, Chiliukutu L, Muyoyeta M,Sohn H. Costs and cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive tuberculosis casefinding strategy in Zambia. PLoS One. 2021 Sep 9;16(9):e0256531. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0256531.
• Lee JK, Bullen C, Ben Amor Y, Bush SR, Colombo F, Gaviria A, Karim SSA, KimB, Lavis JN, Lazarus JV, Lo YC, Michie SF, Norheim OF, Oh J, Reddy KS, RostilaM, Sáenz R, Smith LDG, Thwaites JW, Were MK, Xue L; (The Lancet COVID-19 Commission Task Force for Public Health Measures to Suppress the Pandemic). Institutional and behaviour-change interventions to support COVID-19 public health measures: a review by the Lancet Commission Task Force on public health measures to suppress the pandemic. Int Health. 2021 Sep 3;13(5):399-409. doi:10.1093/inthealth/ihab022.
• Bhopal A, Shrivastava SH. The climate crisis: the health service must take responsibility. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2021 Aug 31;141. English, Norwegian.doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0578.
• Ezekiel J Emanuel, Allen Buchanan, Shuk Ying Chan, Cécile Fabre, Daniel Halliday, Joseph Heath, Lisa Herzog, R J Leland, Matthew S McCoy, Ole F Norheim, Carla Saenz, G Owen Schaefer, Kok-Chor Tan, Christopher Heath Wellman, Jonathan Wolff, Govind Persad. What are the obligations of pharmaceutical companies in a global health emergency? The Lancet; 5 August 2021.
• Jbaily A, Haakenstad A, Kiros M, Riumallo-Herl C, Verguet S. Examining the density in out-of-pocket spending share in the estimation of catastrophic health expenditures. Eur J Health Econ. 2021 Aug 6. doi: 10.1007/s10198-021-01316-x.
• Oh J, Lee HY, Khuong QL, Markuns JF, Bullen C, Barrios OEA, Hwang SS, SuhYS, McCool J, Kachur SP, Chan CC, Kwon S, Kondo N, Hoang VM, Moon JR, Rostila M, Norheim OF, You M, Withers M, Li M, Lee EJ, Benski C, Park S, Nam EW, GottschalkK, Kavanagh MM, Tran TGH, Lee JK, Subramanian SV, McKee M, Gostin LO. Mobility restrictions were associated with reductions in COVID-19 incidence early in the pandemic: evidence from a real-time evaluation in 34 countries. Sci Rep. 2021 Jul 2;11(1):13717. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92766-z.
• Onarheim KH, Wickramage K, Ingleby D, Subramani S, Miljeteig I. Adopting an ethical approach to migration health policy, practice and research. BMJ Glob Health. 2021 Jul;6(7):e006425. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006425.
• Jamison DT, Wu KB. The East-West Divide in Response to COVID-19. Engineering(Beijing). 2021 Jul;7(7):936-947. doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.05.008. Epub 2021 Jun12. PMID: 34150351;
• Fadnes, Lars T.; Aas, Christer Frode; Vold, Jørn Henrik; Leiva, Rafael Alexander; Ohldieck, Christian; Chalabianloo, Fatemeh; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Lygren, Ole Jørgen; Dalgård, Olav; Vickerman, Peter; Midgard, Håvard; Løberg, Else-Marie; Johansson, Kjell Arne; for the INTRO-HCV Study Group. Integrated treatment of hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs: A multicenter randomized controlled trial (INTRO-HCV). PLOS MEDICINE; 1 June 2021.
• Alswang JM, Gutierrez AL, Sadler SJ, Norheim OF. Maintaining neglected tropical disease programmes during pandemics. Bull World Health Organ. 2021 Jun 1;99(6):473-474. doi: 10.2471/BLT.20.269464. Epub 2021 Apr 1.  34108758;
• Enden, M.R.; Tolla, M.T.; Norheim, O.F. Providing Universal Access to Modern Contraceptive Methods: An Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Meeting the Demand for Modern Contraception in Ethiopia. Social Science & Medicine; 25 May 2021.
• Horn, Sindre, A.; Jøstad, Borgar; Barra, Mathias; Solberg, Carl Tollef; Is COVID-19 severe? Norwegian severity criterion for priority setting meets the pandemic [Main article in Norwegian; English summary available].  Tidsskrift for velferdsforskning. 25 May 2021
• Kim T, Sharma M, Teerawattananon Y, Oh C, Ong L, Hangoma P, Adhikari D, PempaP, Kairu A, Orangi S, Dabak SV. Addressing Challenges in Health TechnologyAssessment Institutionalization for Furtherance of Universal Health CoverageThrough South-South Knowledge Exchange: Lessons From Bhutan, Kenya, Thailand,and Zambia. Value Health Reg Issues. 2021 May;24:187-192. doi:10.1016/j.vhri.2020.12.011. Epub 2021 Apr 7.
• Bhopal, Anand; Medhin, Haileselassie; Bærøe, Kristine; Norheim, Ole Frithjof. Climate change and health in Ethiopia: To what extent have the health dimensions of climate change been integrated into the Climate-Resilient Green Economy? World Medical & Health Policy (WMHP); 18 May 2021.
• Konstantin Chumakov, Michael S. Avidan, Christine S. Benn, Stefano M. Bertozzi, Lawrence Blatth, Angela Y. Chang, Dean T. Jamison, Shabaana A. Khader, Shyam Kottilil,Mihai G. Netea, Annie Sparrown, Robert C. Gallok. Old vaccines for new infections: Exploiting innateimmunity to control COVID-19 and preventfuture pandemics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) 2021 Vol. 118 No. 21; 18 May 2021.
• Tranvåg EJ, Strand R, Ottersen T, Norheim OF. Precision medicine and the principle of equal treatment: a conjoint analysis. BMC Med Ethics. 2021 May10;22(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s12910-021-00625-3.
• Chalabianloo F, Fadnes LT, Høiseth G, Ohldieck C, Vold JH, Aas C, Løberg EM,Johansson KA, Bramness JG. Subjective symptoms and serum methadoneconcentrations: what should guide dose adjustments in methadone maintenancetreatment? A naturalistic cohort study from Norway. Subst Abuse Treat PrevPolicy. 2021 May 3;16(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s13011-021-00367-w.
• Bekele, Mengistu; Norheim, Ole Frithjof; Hailu, Alemayehu. Cost-Effectiveness of Saxagliptin Compared With Glibenclamide as a Second-Line Therapy Added to Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ethiopia. Medical Decision Making Policy & Practice (MDM P&P) Volume: 6 Issue: 1; 27 April 2021.
• Chowdhury R, Nitika, Choudhary TS, Taneja S, Martines J, Bhandari N, Bahl R.Diagnostic measures for severe acute malnutrition in Indian infants under6 months of age: a secondary data analysis. BMC Pediatr. 2021 Apr 1;21(1):158.doi: 10.1186/s12887-021-02629-9.
• Said, S.S.; Nystad, T.W.; Aas, C.F.; Johansson, Kjell Arne; Fevang, B.T. Treatment of chronic inflammatory joint disease in Zanzibar: Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. African Journal of Rheumatology (AJOL) Vol. 9 No. 1; 5 April 2021.
• Zeray, Merkeb; Mariam, Damen Haile; Sahile, Zekariyas; Hailu, Alemayehu. Validity and reliability of the Amharic version of the Schwartz Center Compassionate Care Scale. PLOS ONE; 23 March 2021.
• Hailu, Alemayehu; Eregata, Getachew Teshome; Stenberg, Karin; Norheim, Ole Frithjof. Is Universal Health Coverage Affordable? Estimated Costs and Fiscal Space Analysis for the Ethiopian Essential Health Services Package. Health Systems & Reform 7:1; 19 March 2021
• Verguet, Stéphane; Hailu, Alemayehu; Eregata, Getachew Teshome; Memirie, Solomon Tessema; Johansson, Kjell Arne; Norheim, Ole Frithjof. Toward universal health coverage in the post-COVID-19 era. Nature Medicine; 15 March 2021.
• Memirie, Solomon T., Nigus, Mulat, Verguet, Stéphane. Cost-effectiveness and equitable access to vaccines in Ethiopia: an overview and evidence synthesis of the published literature. Journal of Global Health Reports Vol. 5, 2021; 4 March 2021.
• Vold JH, Gjestad R, Aas CF, Meland E, Johansson KA, Fadnes LT; INTRO-HCVStudy Group. Validation of a three-item Fatigue Severity Scale for patients withsubstance use disorder: a cohort study from Norway for the period 2016-2020.Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2021 Mar 2;19(1):69. doi: 10.1186/s12955-021-01708-w.
• Assebe, Lelisa Fekadu; Belete, Wondesen Nigatu; Alemayehu, Senait; Asfaw, Elias; Godana, Kora Tushune; Alemayehu, Yibeltal Kiflie; Teklu, Alula M.; Amanuel Yigezu. Economic evaluation of Health Extension Program packages in Ethiopia. PLOS ONE; 2 February 2021.
• Shewamene Z, Shiferie F, Girma E, Wubishet BL, Kiros M, Abraha A, Reshad A,Tiruneh G, Worku B, Lemlemu E, Balkew RB. Growing Ignorance of COVID-19Preventive Measures in Ethiopia: Experts' Perspective on the Need of EffectiveHealth Communication Strategies. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2021 Jan;31(1):201-204.doi: 10.4314/ejhs.v31i1.22.
• Bump, Jesse B.; Friberg, Peter; Harper, David R. International collaboration and covid-19: what are we doing and where are we going? BMJ 2021;372:n180; 29 January 2021.
• Norheim OF, Abi-Rached JM, Bright LK, Bærøe K, Ferraz OLM, Gloppen S,Voorhoeve A. Difficult trade-offs in response to COVID-19: the case for open andinclusive decision making. Nat Med. 2021 Jan;27(1):10-13. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-01204-6.
• Aas CF, Vold JH, Gjestad R, Skurtveit S, Lim AG, Gjerde KV, Løberg EM,Johansson KA, Fadnes LT; INTRO-HCV Study Group. Substance use and symptoms ofmental health disorders: a prospective cohort of patients with severe substanceuse disorders in Norway. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2021 Feb 27;16(1):20.doi: 10.1186/s13011-021-00354-1
• Bump, Jesse B.; Baum, Fran; Sakornsin, Milin; Yates, Robert; Hofman, Karen. Political economy of covid-19: extractive, regressive, competitive. BMJ 2021;372:n73; 22 January 2021.
• Miljeteig, Ingrid; Forthun, Ingeborg; Hufthammer, Karl Ove; Engelund, Inger Elise; Schanche, Elisabeth; Schaufel, Margrethe; Onarheim, Kristine Husøy. Priority-setting dilemmas, moral distress and support experienced by nurses and physicians in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway. Nurs Ethics Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33430698. 12 January 2021.
• Olsen, Maria; Norheim, Ole Frithjof; Memirie, Solomon Tessema. Reducing regional health inequality: a sub-national distributional cost-effectiveness analysis of community-based treatment of childhood pneumonia in Ethiopia. International Journal for Equity Health 20, 9 (2021). 6 January 2021.
• Eregata, Getachew Teshome; Hailu, Alemayehu; Stenberg, Karin; Johansson, Kjell Arne; Norheim, Ole Frithjof; Bertram, Melanie Y. Generalised cost-effectiveness analysis of 159 health interventions for the Ethiopian essential health service package. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 19, 2 (2021). 6 January 2021
• Herzog, Lisa M.; Norheim, Ole Frithjof; Emanuel, Ezekiel J.; McCoy, Matthew S. Covax must go beyond proportional allocation of covid vaccines to ensure fair and equitable access. BMJ 2021;372:m4853. 5 January 2021
• Hailu A, Eregata GT, Stenberg K, Norheim OF. Is Universal Health Coverage Affordable? Estimated Costs and Fiscal Space Analysis for the Ethiopian Essential Health Services Package. Health Syst Reform. 2021 Jan 1;7(1):e1870061.doi: 10.1080/23288604.2020.1870061.

• Eregata, Getachew Teshome; Hailu, Alemayehu; Geletu, Zelalem Adugna; Memirie, Solomon Tessema; Johansson, Kjell Arne; Stenberg, Karin; Bertram, Melanie Y.; Aman, Amir; Norheim, Ole Frithjof. Revision of the Ethiopian Essential Health Service Package: An Explication of the Process and Methods Used. Health Systems & Reform, Volume 6, Issue 1; 10 December 2020.
• Lamu, Admassu N.; Jbaily, Abdulrahman; Verguet, Stéphane; Robberstad, Bjarne; Norheim, Ole Frithjof. Is cycle network expansion cost-effective? A health economic evaluation of cycling in Oslo. BMC Public Health 20, 1869; 7 December 2020.
• Cappelen, Cornelius; Midtbø, Tor; Bærøe, Kristine. Responsibility Considerations and the Design of Health Care Policies: A Survey Study of the Norwegian Population. HEC Forum, 29 November 2020.
• Solberg, Carl Tollef; Sørheim, Preben; Müller, Karl Erik; Gamlund, Espen; Norheim, Ole Frithjof; Barra, Mathias. The Devils in the DALY: Prevailing Evaluative Assumptions. Public Health Ethics, phaa030, 29 October 2020.
• Blanchet, Karl; Alwan, Ala; Antoine, Caroline; Cros, Marion Jane; Feroz, Ferozuddin; Guracha, Tseguaneh Amsalu;  Haaland, Øystein; Hailu, Alemayehu; Hangoma, Peter; Jamison, Dean; Memirie, Solomon Tessema;  Miljeteig, Ingrid; Naeem, Ahmad Jan; Nam, Sara L.; Norheim, Ole F.; Verguet, Stéphane; Watkins, David; Johansson, Kjell Arne. Protecting essential health services in low-income and middle-income countries and humanitarian settings while responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Global Health. 7 October 2020;5:e003675.
• Bukhman, G; Mocumbi, A.O.; Atun, R; Becker, A.E.; Bhutta, Z.; Binagwaho, A.; Clinton, C.; Coates, M.M.; Dain, K.; Ezzati, M.; Gottlieb, G.; Gupta, I.; Gupta, N.; Hyder, A.A.; Jain, Y.; Kruk, M.E.; Makani, J.: Marx, A.; Miranda, J.J.; Norheim, O.F.; Nugent R.; Roy, N.; Stefan, C:; Wallis, L.; Mayosi, B.; Lancet NCDI Poverty Commission Study Group. The Lancet NCDI Poverty Commission: bridging a gap in universal health coverage for the poorest billion. The Lancet; 14 September 2020.
• Yigezu, Amanuel; Alemayehu, Senait; Hamusse, Shallo Daba; Ergeta, Getachew Teshome; Hailemariam, Damen; Hailu, Alemayehu. Cost-effectiveness of facility-based, stand-alone and mobile-based voluntary counseling and testing for HIV in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC BioMed Central; 11 September 2020.
• Emanuel, Ezekiel J.; Persad, Govind; Kern, Adam Kern; Buchanan, Allen; Fabre, Cécile; Halliday, Daniel Halliday; Heath, Joseph; Herzon, Lisa; Leland, R. J.; Lemango, Ephrem T.; Luna, Florencia Luna; McCoy, Matthew S.; Norheim, Ole F.; Ottersen, Trygve; Schaefer, G. Owen; Tan, Kok-Chor; Wellman, Christopher Heath; Wolff, Jonathan Wolff; Richardson, Henry S. An ethical framework for global vaccine allocation. Science; 4 September 2020.
• Alemayehu, Senait; Yigezu, Amanuel; Hailemariam, Damen; Heilu, Alemayehu Hailu. Cost-effectiveness of treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in treatment initiative centers and treatment follow-up centers in Ethiopia. PLOS ONE; 27 July 2020.
• GBD 2019 Universal Health Coverage Collaborators (Norheim co-author): Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet; 27 August 2020. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30750-9.
• Aas, Christer Frode; Vold, Jørn Henrik; Skurtveit, Svetland; Lim, Aaron G.; Ruths, Sabine; Islam, Kamrul; Askildsen, Han Erik; Løberg, Else-Marie; Fadnes, Lars Thore; Johansson, Kjell Arne; INTRO-HCV Study Group. Health-related quality of life of long-term patients receiving opioid agonist therapy: a nested prospective cohort study in Norway. BMC BioMed Central; 3 September 2020.
• Solberg, Carl Tollef; Barra, Mathias; Robberstad, Bjarne. Should we discount future health benefits? Pro et contra Norsk filosofisk tidsskrift 02-03/2020 (Volume 55); 19 August 2020.
• Yamin, Alicia Ely; Boghosian, Tara. Democracy and Health: Situating Health Rights within a Republic of Reasons. Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics. Volume 19 | Issue 2 (2020).
• Kerasidou, Angeliki; Bærøe, Kristine; Berger, Zackary; Brown, Amy E. Caruso. The need for empathetic healthcare systems. BMJ Journal of Medical Ethics; 24 July 2020.
• Memirie, Solomon Tessema; Desalegn, Hailemichael; Naizgi, Mulugeta; Nigus, Mulat; Taddesse, Lisanu; Tadesse, Yared; Tessema, Fasil; Zelalem, Meseret; Girma, Tsinuel. Introduction of birth dose of hepatitis B virus vaccine to the immunization program in Ethiopia: an economic evaluation. BMC BioMed Central; 22 July 2020.
• Johansson, Kjell Arne; Økland, Jan-Magnus; Skaftun, Eirin Krüger; Bukhman, Gene; Norheim, Ole Frithjof; Coates, Matthew M.; Haaland, Øystein Ariansen. Estimating Health Adjusted Age at Death (HAAD). PLOS ONE; 14 July 2020.
• Tesfaye, Solomon H.; Gebeyehu, Yabibal; Loha, Eskindir; Johansson, Kjell Arne; Lindtjørn, Bernt. Pulse oximeter with integrated management of childhood illness for diagnosis of severe childhood pneumonia at rural health institutions in Southern Ethiopia: results from a cluster-randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, Volume 10, Issue 6; Published online 21 June 2020.
• Onarheim, Kristine Husøy; Moland, Karen Marie; Miljeteig, Ingrid. ‘I wanted to go, but they said wait’: Mothers’ bargaining power and strategies in care-seeking for ill newborns in Ethiopia. PLOS ONE; 5 June 2020.
• Watkins, David A.; Qi, Jinyuan; Kawakatsu, Yoshito; Pickersgill, Sarah J.; Horton, Susan E.; Jamison, Dean T. Resource requirements for essential universal health coverage: a modelling study based on findings from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition. THE LANCET Global Health; 1 June 2020.
• Assebe, Lelisa Fekadu; Negussie, Eyerusalem Kebede; Jbaily, Abdulrahmen; Tolla, Mieraf Tadesse; Johansson, Kjell Arne. Financial burden of HIV and TB among patients in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open, Volume 10, Issue 6; Published online 1 June 2020.
• Borde, Moges Tadesse; Loha, Eskindir; Johansson, Kjell Arne; Lindtjørn, Bernt. Financial risk of seeking maternal and neonatal healthcare in southern Ethiopia: a cohort study of rural households. International Journal for Equity in Health 19, Article number: 69 (2020); 18 May 2020.
• Petkovic, J.; Jull, J.; Yoganathan, M.; Dewidar, O.; Baird, S.; Grimshaw, J.M.; Johansson K. A.; Kristjansson, E.; McGowan, J.; Moher, D.; Petticrew, M.; Robberstad, B.; Shea, B.; Tugwell, P.; Volmink, J.; Wells, G.A.; Whitehead, M.; Cuervo, L.G.; White, H.; Taljaard, M.; Welch, V. Reporting of health equity considerations in cluster and individually randomized trials. Trials 21, 308 (2020). 3 April 2020.
• Barra, Mathias; Broqvist, Mari; Gustavsson, Erik; Henriksson, Martin; Juth Niklas; Sandman Lars; Solberg, Carl Tollef. Do not despair about severity - yet. Journal of Medical Ethics; 25 February 2020.
• Gamlund, Espen; Müller, Karl Erik; Pacquet, Kathrine Knarvik; Solberg, Carl Tollef. Mandatory childhood vaccination: Should Norway follow? Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics: 22 February 2020.
• Assebe, Lelisa Fekadu; Kwete, Xiaoxiao Jiang; Wang, Dan; Liu, Lingrui; Norheim, Ole Frithjof; Jbaily, Abdulrahman; Verguet, Stéphane; Johansson, Kjell Arne; Tolla, Mieraf Taddesse. Health gains and financial risk protection afforded by public financing of selected malaria interventions in Ethiopia: An extended cost-effectiveness analysis. Malaria Journal 19, 41: 23 January 2020.

• Borde, Moges; Loha, Eskindir; Johansson, Kjell Arne; Lindtjørn, Bernt. Utilisation of health services fails to meet the needs of pregnancy-related illnesses in rural southern Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study. PLOS ONE 2019; Volum 14.(12)
• Eregata, Getachew Teshome; Hailu, Alemayehu; Memirie, Solomon Tessema; Norheim, Ole Frithjof. Measuring progress towards universal health coverage: National and subnational analysis in Ethiopia. BMJ Global Health 2019; Volum 4. (6)
• Solberg, Carl Tollef; Norheim, Ole F.; Barra, M. Consistency is not overrated. BMJ Journal of Medical Ethics; 30 July 2019.
• Hailu, Samrawit; Astatkie, Ayalew; Johansson, Kjell Arne; Lindtjørn, Bernt. Low immunization coverage in Wonago district, southern Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE 2019; Volum 14. (7). 24 July 2019.
• Haaland, Ø.; Lindemark, F.; Johansson, K.A. A flexible formula for incorporating distributive concerns into cost-effectiveness analyses: Priority weights. PLOS ONE. 2019.26. 10 October 2019.
• Memirie, S.T.; Tolla, M.T.; Desalegn, D.; Hailemariam, M.; Norheim, O.F.; Verguet, S.; Johansson, K.A. A cost-effectiveness analysis of maternal and neonatal health interventions in Ethiopia. Health Policy Plan. 2019 May.
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