I am a researcher and group leader at the University in Bergen in Norway. I lead the group Dynamics of the Asymmetric Geospace at the Birkeland Centre for Space Science. 

My group and I have worked for many years to understand the dynamics of the asymmetric geospace by investigating a wide range of observations and simulations. In recent years, as part of two projects funded by the Trond Mohn Foundation and by the Reserach Council of Norway, we have developed new techniques for combining data to map the electrodynamics in the ionosphere. We are also heavily involved in the Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer, a NASA satellite mission, planned to launch in 2024, which will observe magnetic fields and electric currents in a new way.

 

 

Here are some links for more information about me and my research:

• An article about my research at uib.no
• Web page for the Dynamics of the Asymmetric Geospace group
• Web page for the Trond Mohn Foundation project What Shapes Space
• Code for the Local mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics (Lompe) technique on GitHub
• Web interface and Python code for the AMPS model, an empirical model of ionospheric currents and magnetic fields developed with funding from ESA Swarm DISC 
• EZIE webpage

Academic article

• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Skeidsvoll, Andreas Sæther; Braileanu, Beatrice Annemone Popescu et al. (2025). Global inductive magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupling. (external link)
• Hatch, Spencer Mark; Virtanen, Ilkka; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2025). Toolkit for incoherent scatter radar experiment design and applications to EISCAT_3D. (external link)
• Hazendonk, Charlotte Van; Baddeley, Lisa; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2025). A statistical study of optical signatures of high-latitude Pc5 waves. (external link)
• Gasparini, Sara; Kepko, L.; Sorathia, K. A. et al. (2025). A New Approach to Data‐Model Comparisons: Using MAGE and Lompe to Unravel Ionosphere‐Magnetosphere Electrodynamics. (external link)
• Tesfaw, Habtamu W.; Vanhamäki, Heikki; Virtanen, Ilkka et al. (2025). Modeling Regional Electric Field Using EISCAT3D Observations. (external link)
• Huyghebaert, Devin Ray; Gustavsson, Björn Johan; Vierinen, Juha-Pekka et al. (2025). Simulation of interferometric imaging with EISCAT_3D for fine-scale in-beam incoherent scatter spectra measurements. (external link)
• Walker, Simon; Hatch, Spencer Mark; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2025). Predictors of Substorm Onset Conjugate Displacement. (external link)
• Billett, Daniel; Rohel, R.; Martin, Carley J. et al. (2025). The Fast Borealis Ionosphere: High Time-Resolution Mapping of Polar Ionospheric Flows With SuperDARN. (external link)
• Grandin, Maxime; Ledvina, Vincent E.; Musset, Sophie et al. (2025). Citizen Science in Space and Atmospheric Sciences: Opportunities and Challenges. (external link)
• Madelaire, Michael; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Hatch, Spencer Mark et al. (2024). Estimating the Ionospheric Induction Electric Field Using Ground Magnetometers. (external link)
• Decotte, Margot Emilie; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Hatch, Spencer Mark et al. (2024). Occurrence Probability of Magnetic Field Disturbances Measured With Swarm: Mapping the Dynamic Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling. (external link)
• Hatch, Spencer Mark; Vanhamäki, Heikki; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2024). Does high-latitude ionospheric electrodynamics exhibit hemispheric mirror symmetry?. (external link)
• Oliveira, Denny M.; Allen, Robert C.; Alves, Livia R. et al. (2024). Predicting Interplanetary Shock Occurrence for Solar Cycle 25: Opportunities and Challenges in Space Weather Research. (external link)
• Gowtam, V. Sai; Connor, Hyunju; Kunduri, Bharat S. R. et al. (2024). Calculating the High-Latitude Ionospheric Electrodynamics Using a Machine Learning-Based Field-Aligned Current Model. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Hatch, Spencer Mark; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2024). How the Ionosphere Responds Dynamically to Magnetospheric Forcing. (external link)
• Ohma, Anders; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Madelaire, Michael et al. (2024). Robust Estimates of Spatiotemporal Variations in the Auroral Boundaries Derived From Global UV Imaging. (external link)
• Gasparini, Sara; Kepko, L.; Laundal, Karl Magnus (2024). Quantifying the Mesoscale Contribution to FACs During a Magnetospheric Substorm. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Hatch, Spencer Mark; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2024). Volumetric Reconstruction of Ionospheric Electric Currents From Tri-Static Incoherent Scatter Radar Measurements. (external link)
• Hazendonk, Charlotte Maartje van; Baddeley, Lisa; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2024). Detection and Energy Dissipation of ULF Waves in the Polar Ionosphere: A Case Study Using the EISCAT Radar. (external link)
• Gasparini, Sara; Hatch, Spencer Mark; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2024). A Quantitative Analysis of the Uncertainties on Reconnection Electric Field Estimates Using Ionospheric Measurements. (external link)
• Elhawary, Reham Zakaria Ahmed Mohamed; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2024). How Do Substorms Influence Hemispheric Asymmetries in Equivalent Currents?. (external link)
• Walker, Simon; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2024). The Ionospheric Leg of the Substorm Current Wedge: Combining Iridium and Ground Magnetometers. (external link)
• Walker, Simon; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2024). A Comparison of Auroral Oval Proxies With the Boundaries of the Auroral Electrojets. (external link)
• Madelaire, Michael; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Gjerløv, Jesper et al. (2023). Spatial Resolution in Inverse Problems: The EZIE Satellite Mission. (external link)
• Kloss, Clemens; Finlay, Christopher C; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2023). Polar ionospheric currents and high temporal resolution geomagnetic field models. (external link)
• Walker, Simon; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2023). Statistical Temporal Variations in the Auroral Electrojet Estimated With Ground Magnetometers in Fennoscandia. (external link)
• Elhawary, Reham Zakaria Ahmed Mohamed; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2023). Substorm Impact on Dayside Ionospheric Currents. (external link)
• Decotte, Margot Emilie; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Hatch, Spencer Mark et al. (2023). Auroral Oval Morphology: Dawn-Dusk Asymmetry Partially Induced by Earth's Rotation. (external link)
• Ohma, Anders; Madelaire, Michael; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2023). Background removal from global auroral images: Data-driven dayglow modeling. (external link)
• Madelaire, Michael; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2022). Geomagnetic Response to Rapid Increases in Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure: Event Detection and Large Scale Response. (external link)
• Hovland, Amalie Øie; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2022). The Lompe code: A Python toolbox for ionospheric data analysis. (external link)
• Ohma, Anders; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2022). Evolution of IMF By induced asymmetries during substorms: Superposed epoch analysis at geosynchronous orbit. (external link)
• Hatch, Spencer Mark; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Reistad, Jone Peter (2022). Testing the mirror symmetry of Birkeland and ionospheric currents with respect to magnetic latitude, dipole tilt angle, and IMF B <inf>y</inf>. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Reistad, Jone Peter; Hatch, Spencer Mark et al. (2022). Local Mapping of Polar Ionospheric Electrodynamics. (external link)
• Elhawary, Reham Zakaria Ahmed Mohamed; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2022). Possible Ionospheric Influence on Substorm Onset Location. (external link)
• Herlingshaw, Katie; Baddeley, Lisa; Oksavik, Kjellmar et al. (2022). A statistical study of polar cap flow channels observed in both hemispheres using SuperDARN radars. (external link)
• Madelaire, Michael; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2022). Transient high latitude geomagnetic response to rapid increases in solar wind dynamic pressure. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Madelaire, Michael; Ohma, Anders et al. (2022). The relationship between interhemispheric asymmetries in polar ionospheric convection and the magnetic field line footpoint displacement field. (external link)
• Ohma, Anders; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2021). Evolution of IMF By Induced Asymmetries: The Role of Tail Reconnection. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai et al. (2021). Quantifying the Lobe Reconnection Rate During Dominant IMF By Periods and Different Dipole Tilt Orientations. (external link)
• Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella; Berthomier, M; Bogdanova, Y. V. et al. (2021). Exploring solar-terrestrial interactions via multiple imaging observers. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Yee, J.H.; Merkin, V.G. et al. (2021). Electrojet Estimates From Mesospheric Magnetic Field Measurements. (external link)
• Hatch, Spencer Mark; Moretto, Therese; Lynch, Kristina A. et al. (2020). The Relationship Between Cusp Region Ion Outflows and East‐West Magnetic Field Fluctuations at 4,000‐km Altitude. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Reistad, Jone Peter; Hatch, Spencer Mark et al. (2020). Time-scale dependence of solar wind-based regression models of ionospheric electrodynamics. (external link)
• Hatch, Spencer Mark; Haaland, Stein; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2020). Seasonal and Hemispheric Asymmetries of F Region Polar Cap Plasma Density: Swarm and CHAMP Observations. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Ohma, Anders et al. (2020). An Explicit IMF B 𝑦 Dependence on Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Coupling. (external link)
• Pitkänen, Timo; Kullen, Anita; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2019). IMF By Influence on Magnetospheric Convection in Earth's Magnetotail Plasma Sheet. (external link)
• Ohma, Anders; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2019). Observations of asymmetric lobe convection for weak and strong tail activity. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Hatch, Spencer Mark; Moretto, Therese (2019). Magnetic Effects of Plasma Pressure Gradients in the Upper F Region. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai et al. (2019). Separation and quantification of ionospheric convection sources: 2. The dipole tilt angle influence on reverse convection cells during northward IMF. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai et al. (2019). Separation and quantification of ionospheric convection sources: 1. A new technique. (external link)
• Tenfjord, Paul; Østgaard, Nikolai; Haaland, Stein et al. (2018). How the IMF By Induces a Local By Component During Northward IMF Bz and Characteristic Timescales. (external link)
• Kwagala, Norah Kaggwa; Oksavik, Kjellmar; Lorentzen, Dag Arne et al. (2018). Seasonal and solar cycle variations of thermally excited 630.0 nm emissions in the polar ionosphere. (external link)
• Burrell, Angeline G.; Halford, Alexa J.; Klenzing, Jeffrey H. et al. (2018). Snakes on a spaceship—An overview of Python in heliophysics. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Reistad, Jone Peter; Finlay, Christopher C. et al. (2018). Interplanetary Magnetic Field Bx Component Influence on Horizontal and Field-Aligned Currents in the Ionosphere. (external link)
• Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter; Tenfjord, Paul et al. (2018). The asymmetric geospace as displayed during the geomagnetic storm on 17 August 2001. (external link)
• Milan, Stephen Eric; Carter, Jennifer Alyson; Sangha, Harneet et al. (2018). Timescales of dayside and nightside field-aligned current response to changes in solar wind-magnetosphere coupling. (external link)
• Ohma, Anders; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2018). Evolution of Asymmetrically Displaced Footpoints During Substorms. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2018). Observations of asymmetries in ionospheric return flow during different levels of geomagnetic activity. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Finlay, Christopher C.; Olsen, N et al. (2018). Solar Wind and Seasonal Influence on Ionospheric Currents From Swarm and CHAMP Measurements. (external link)
• Snekvik, Kristian; Østgaard, Nikolai; Tenfjord, Paul et al. (2017). Dayside and nightside magnetic field responses at 780 km altitude to dayside reconnection. (external link)
• Haaland, Stein; Lybekk, Bjørn; Maes, Lukas et al. (2017). North-south asymmetries in cold plasma density in the magnetotail lobes: Cluster observations. (external link)
• Friis-Christensen, Eigil; Finlay, Christopher C.; Hesse, Michael et al. (2017). Magnetic field perturbations from currents in the dark polar regions during quiet geomagnetic conditions. (external link)
• Milan, Stephen Eric; Clausen, Lasse Boy Novock; Coxon, John Charles et al. (2017). Overview of solar wind - magnetosphere - ionosphere - atmosphere coupling and the generation of magnetospheric currents. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Richmond, Arthur D. (2016). Magnetic coordinate systems. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Tenfjord, Paul et al. (2016). Dynamic effects of restoring footpoint symmetry on closed magnetic field lines. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Gjerløv, Jesper; Østgaard, Nikolai et al. (2016). The impact of sunlight on high-latitude equivalent currents. (external link)
• Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter; Tenfjord, Paul Arne Riksheim et al. (2016). Mechanisms that Produce Auroral Asymmetries in Conjugate Hemispheres. (external link)
• Tenfjord, Paul Arne Riksheim; Østgaard, Nikolai; Strangeway, Robert J. et al. (2016). Magnetospheric response and reconfiguration times following IMF By reversals. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Finlay, Christopher C.; Olsen, NIls (2016). Sunlight effects on the 3D polar current system determined from low Earth orbit measurements. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Haaland, Stein; Lehtinen, Nikolai et al. (2015). Birkeland current effects on high-latitude ground magnetic field perturbations. (external link)
• Tenfjord, Paul; Østgaard, Nikolai; Snekvik, Kristian et al. (2015). How the IMF By induces a By component in the closed magnetosphere and how it leads to asymmetric currents and convection patternsin the two hemispheres. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2014). Intensity asymmetries in the dusk sector of the poleward auroral oval due to IMF Bx. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Gjerløv, Jesper (2014). What is the appropriate coordinate system for magnetometer data when analyzing ionospheric currents?. (external link)
• Søraas, Finn; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Usanova, Maria E. (2013). Coincident particle and optical observations of nightside subauroral proton precipitation. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2013). On the non-conjugacy of nightside aurora and their generator mechanisms. (external link)
• Snekvik, Kristian; Tanskanen, Eija Irene; Østgaard, Nikolai et al. (2012). Changes in the magnetotail configuration before near-Earth reconnection. (external link)
• Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Juusola, Liisa et al. (2012). Correction to 'Interhemispherical asymmetry of substorm onset locations and the Interplanetary Magnetic Field.'. (external link)
• Hegna, Torunn; Pettersson, Hans; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2011). 3-D laser scanner system based on a galvanometer scan head for high temperature applications. (external link)
• Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Juusola, Liisa et al. (2011). Interhemispherical asymmetry of substorm onset locations and the interplanetary magnetic field. (external link)
• Østgaard, Nikolai; Humberset, Beate Krøvel; Laundal, Karl Magnus (2011). Evolution of auroral asymmetries in the conjugate hemispheres during two substorms. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai; Frey, H. U. et al. (2010). Seasonal and interplanetary magnetic field-dependent polar cap contraction during substorm expansion phase. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai; Snekvik, Kristian et al. (2010). Interhemispheric observations of emerging polar cap asymmetries. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai (2009). Asymmetric auroral intensities in the Earth's Northern and Southern hemispheres. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai (2008). Persistent global proton aurora caused by high solar wind dynamic pressure. (external link)

Academic lecture

• Hatch, Spencer Mark; Burchill, Johnathan K; Vanhamäki, Heikki et al. (2025). What is the neutral wind in height-integrated ionospheric electrodynamics?. (external link)
• Hatch, Spencer Mark; Virtanen, Ilkka I.; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2024). e3doubt: An open-source toolkit for E3D experiment planning and uncertainty estimation. (external link)
• Hatch, Spencer Mark; Virtanen, Ilkka I.; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2024). E3D-BRITE: EISCAT_3D-based reconstruction of ionosphere-thermosphere electrodynamics. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Reistad, Jone Peter; Hatch, Spencer Mark et al. (2024). Volumetric reconstruction of ionospheric electric currents from tri-static incoherent scatter radar measurements. (external link)
• Huyghebaert, Devin Ray; Gustavsson, Björn Johan; Vierinen, Juha-Pekka et al. (2024). Interferometric Imaging of the Ion-Line with EISCAT_3D - Development and Software. (external link)
• Huyghebaert, Devin Ray; Gustavsson, Björn Johan; Vierinen, Juha-Pekka et al. (2024). Interferometric Imaging for Fine-Scale Ionospheric Plasma Parameter Determination with EISCAT_3D. (external link)
• Huyghebaert, Devin Ray; Gustavsson, Björn Johan; Vierinen, Juha-Pekka et al. (2024). Interferometric Imaging of the Ion-Line with EISCAT_3D. (external link)
• Huyghebaert, Devin Ray; Gustavsson, Björn Johan; Vierinen, Juha-Pekka et al. (2024). Interferometric Imaging of Ion Lines with EISCAT 3D - Resolving In-Beam Structures Using Long Baselines, Singular Value Decomposition, and Tikhonov Regularization. (external link)
• Huyghebaert, Devin Ray; Gustavsson, Björn Johan; Vierinen, Juha-Pekka et al. (2024). Interferometric Imaging of the Ion-Line with EISCAT_3D. (external link)
• Carter, Jennifer Alyson; Samara-Ratna, Piyal; Lepri, Susan T. et al. (2023). Elfen: A CubeSat mission to measure heavy ions on both the dayside and nightside of Earth's magnetosphere. (external link)
• Ohma, Anders; Madelaire, Michael; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2022). Data Driven Dayglow Detection: Background removal from global FUV images. (external link)
• Hatch, Spencer Mark; Ogawa, Yasunobu; Zettergren, Matthew David et al. (2022). Generation of a synthetic EISCAT_3D dataset. (external link)
• Ohma, Anders; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2022). Excitation and Decay of Auroral Flux. (external link)
• Hatch, Spencer Mark; Haaland, Stein; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2021). Hemispheric and seasonal variations in the cold plasma outflow source region: Swarm and CHAMP observations of F-region polar cap electron density. (external link)
• Hatch, Spencer Mark; Haaland, Stein; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2020). Hemispheric and seasonal variations in the cold plasma outflow source region: polar cap ionosphere electron density at 350–500 km. (external link)
• Ohma, Anders; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2020). How tail reconnection affects the asymmetric state of the magnetosphere in the LFM model. (external link)
• Hatch, Spencer Mark; Moretto, Therese; Laundal, Karl Magnus (2019). The relative importance of diamagnetic effects in the high-latitude ionosphere. (external link)
• Hatch, Spencer Mark; Moretto, Therese; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2019). Swarm as a platform for ion outflow studies. (external link)
• Hatch, Spencer Mark; Moretto, Therese; Laundal, Karl Magnus (2019). Southern and Northern Hemisphere relationships between ion outflow and magnetic field fluctuations. (external link)
• Hatch, Spencer Mark; Moretto, Therese; Laundal, Karl Magnus (2019). FAST observations of cusp/cleft-region ion upflow and field variations. (external link)
• Ohma, Anders; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2019). How asymmetries in Geospace evolve during increased tail reconnection. (external link)
• Kwagala, Norah Kaggwa; Oksavik, Kjellmar; Lorentzen, Dag Arne et al. (2019). Thermally excited 630.0 nm emissions in the polar ionosphere. (external link)
• Ohma, Anders; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2019). Cluster EDI Observations of the Asymmetric Plasma Convection in the Magnetotail Lobes During Different Levels of Tail Reconnection Rate. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Ohma, Anders et al. (2019). A new way to identify and quantify the sources of ionospheric convection. (external link)
• Ohma, Anders; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2019). Observations of Asymmetric Lobe Convection for Weak and Strong Tail Reconnection. (external link)
• Ohma, Anders; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2019). How Asymmetries in Geospace Evolve During Substorms. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai et al. (2018). Plasma circulation inside the polar cap and lobe reconnection. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Finlay, Christopher C.; Olsen, NIls et al. (2017). Hemispherical differences in the Ionospheric current system as seen by Swarm and CHAMP. (external link)
• Haaland, Stein; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Lybekk, Bjørn et al. (2017). North-south asymmetries in lobe density: Cluster observations. (external link)
• Haaland, Stein; Lybekk, Bjørn; Maes, Lukas et al. (2017). North-South asymmetries in cold plasma density. (external link)
• Snekvik, Kristian; Østgaard, Nikolai; Tenfjord, Paul et al. (2017). Dayside and nightside magnetic field responses at 780 km altitude to dayside reconnection.. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2017). The influence of plasma flows bringing the magnetotail back to a more symmetric configuration. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus (2017). High latitude currents and convection during quiet times. (external link)
• Tenfjord, Paul; Haaland, Stein; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2017). How the IMF By induces a By-component on closed field lines during northward IMF Bz. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Finlay, Christopher C.; Olsen, NIls et al. (2017). Characterizing external influence on the large-scale polar ionospheric current system. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Finlay, Christopher C.; Olsen, NIls et al. (2017). North-south asymmetries in polar ionospheric currents - effects of asymmetries in the main magnetic field. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai (2017). Norwegian contributions to the ISWI program. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus (2017). Production and visualization of a climatological model of high-latitude ionospheric and field aligned current systems. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Reistad, Jone Peter; Tenfjord, Paul et al. (2017). Seasonal and IMF-controlled variations in the large-scale true horizontal ionospheric current. (external link)
• Herland, Egil Vålandsmyr; Finlay, Christopher C.; Olsen, Nils et al. (2017). The CHAOS-X Model and Uncertainty Values for Magnetic Directional Surveying. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Förster, Matthias; Snekvik, Kristian et al. (2015). Effects of electric field component representation on estimated cross polar cap potential - Implications for interhemispheric asymmetries. (external link)
• Tenfjord, Paul; Snekvik, Kristian; Østgaard, Nikolai et al. (2015). Generation of Birkeland Currents during IMF By; Mechanisms and theory. (external link)
• Snekvik, Kristian; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai et al. (2015). Magnetic field patterns near the polar cap boundary. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Förster, Matthias; Haaland, Stein et al. (2015). Effects of electric field component representation on estimated cross polar cap potential - Implications for interhemispheric asymmetries. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Olsen, N; Finlay, C et al. (2015). Statistical maps of Birkeland currents from Swarm magnetometer measurements. (external link)
• Rexer, Theresa; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2015). Current systems associated with Non-Conjugate Aurora. (external link)
• Tenfjord, Paul; Østgaard, Nikolai; Haaland, Stein et al. (2015). On which timescales are By induced in the closed magnetosphere?. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Tenfjord, Paul et al. (2015). Are there auroral signatures related to asymmetric generation of field-aligned currents in the tail due to an IMF By induced twist?. (external link)
• Haaland, Stein; Foerster, Matthias; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2015). North-south asymmetries in magnetospheric and ionospheric plasma circulation (Invited). (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2014). Hemispheric differences in solar wind – magnetosphere interactions. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2014). Comparison of solar wind driving of the aurora in the two hemispheres due to the solar wind dynamo. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Grujic, Katarina; Hegna, Torunn et al. (2014). Techniques for fast measurement of cylinder diameter outdoors. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2014). Conjugate and non-conjugate aspects of the aurora. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2014). Comparison of solar wind driving of the aurora in the two hemispheres due to solar wind dynamo. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2014). Asymmetric Solar Wind dynamo efficiency and IMF Bx. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2013). Intensity asymmetries between the northern and southern auroral ovals associated with the x-component of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Haaland, Stein; Østgaard, Nikolai et al. (2013). Investigation of the role of IMF Bx on magnetopause characteristic past the terminator. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Haaland, Stein; Østgaard, Nikolai et al. (2013). Investigation of a possible IMF Bx influence on magnetopause characteristic. (external link)
• Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter; Tenfjord, Paul et al. (2013). What are the mechanisms that produce auroral asymmetries in the conjugate hemispheres?. (external link)
• Tenfjord, Paul; Østgaard, Nikolai; Haaland, Stein et al. (2013). Inter-hemispheric currents in the ring current region. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Haaland, Stein; Østgaard, Nikolai et al. (2013). Investigation of a possible IMF Bx influence on magnetopause characteristics. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2013). Non-Conjugate Features in the Auroral Ovals in the two Hemispheres. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2013). Simultaneous global imaging as a tracer of true conjugate regions. (external link)
• Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Stadsnes, Johan (2011). Auroral asymmetries in the conjugate hemispheres. (external link)
• Søraas, Finn; Sørbø, Marita; Laundal, Karl Magnus (2011). Observations of energetic protons and auroral light during geomagnetic storms. (external link)
• Østgaard, Nikolai; Humberset, Beate Krøvel; Juusola, Liisa et al. (2011). Asymmetries of substorm onset location and the dynamic behavior of auroral substorms during expansion phase. (external link)
• Søraas, Finn; Laundal, Karl Magnus (2011). Particle and optical observations of subauroral proton precipitation. (external link)
• Østgaard, Nikolai; Humberset, Beate Krøvel; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2011). Auroral asymmetries in the conjugate hemispheres during substorm onset and expansion phase. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai (2009). IMF Bx Effects on Interhemispheric Polar Cap Asymmetries Inferred From Conjugate Auroral Imaging. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai (2009). IPY-ICESTAR Arctic Frontiers. (external link)
• Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus (2009). Asymmetric aurora detected in the two hemispheres simultaneously. (external link)
• Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus (2009). Asymmetric aurora detected in the two hemispheres simultaneously. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai (2009). Conjugate aurora observations of substorms IAGA meeting. (external link)
• Østgaard, Nikolai; Humberset, Beate Krøvel; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2009). Substorm auroral asymmetries in the conjugate hemispheres during onset and expansion phase. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai (2009). Asymmetric aurora detected in the two hemispheres simultaneously. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai (2008). Conjugate imaging of substorms. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai (2008). Conjugate observations of substorm onset and expansion in the two hemispheres. (external link)
• Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus (2008). Auroral conjugacy studies. (external link)
• Østgaard, Nikolai; Åsnes, Arne; Pedersen, A. et al. (2008). What are the ionospheric signatures of magnetotail reconnection?. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai (2007). Solar wind pressure as a cause for persistent proton precipitation. (external link)

Poster

• Vanhamäki, Heikki; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2024). Swarm-based empirical models of high-latitude ionospheric electrodynamics. (external link)
• Hatch, Spencer Mark; Reistad, Jone Peter; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2023). E3D-BRITE: EISCAT_3D-based reconstruction of ionosphere-thermosphere electrodynamics. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Ohma, Anders et al. (2019). A new way to identify and quantify the sources of ionospheric convection. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai et al. (2019). Quantifying the dipole tilt influence on reverse convection cells during northward IMF using spherical elementary functions. (external link)
• Tenfjord, Paul; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2018). How the IMF BY induces a BY component on closed field lines during northward IMF Bz and characteristic timescales. (external link)
• Ohma, Anders; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2018). Evolution of asymmetrically displaced footpoints during substorms. (external link)
• Ohma, Anders; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2017). Evolution of asymmetrically displaced footpoints during substorms. (external link)
• Ohma, Anders; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2017). Evolution of asymmetrically displaced footpoints during substorms. (external link)
• Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter; Tenfjord, Paul et al. (2017). The asymmetric geospace - the most common state of the system. (external link)
• Tenfjord, Paul; Haaland, Stein; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2017). How the IMF By induces a By-component on closed field lines during northward IMF Bz. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2017). When and where is the process of restoring symmetry important?. (external link)
• Haaland, Stein; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Maes, Lukas et al. (2016). North-south asymmetries in cold ion outflow and lobe density. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Tenfjord, Paul Arne Riksheim et al. (2016). Dynamic effects of restoring footpoint symmetry on closed magnetic field-lines: Asymmetric Birkeland currents. (external link)
• Tenfjord, Paul Arne Riksheim; Østgaard, Nikolai; Haaland, Stein et al. (2016). How the IMF By induces a By component on closed field lines during northward IMF Bz. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Haaland, Stein; Østgaard, Nikolai et al. (2015). Birkeland Current Effects on High-Latitude Ground Magnetic Field Perturbations. (external link)
• Tenfjord, Paul; Østgaard, Nikolai; Haaland, Stein et al. (2015). The Impact of IMF By on the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere System. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Tenfjord, Paul et al. (2015). On the importance of magnetotail untwisting. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2015). On the importance of magnetotail untwist. (external link)
• Tenfjord, Paul; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2014). Generation of Field Aligned Currents during IMF By: Mechanisms and theory. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Gjerloev, Jesper W. (2014). What is the Appropriate Coordinate System for Magnetometer Data when Analyzing Ionospheric Currents?. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2014). Hemispheric asymmetries in the global aurora and IMF Bx. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2013). Auroral intensity asymmetries associated with the x-component of the interplanetary magnetic field in the two polar hemispheres. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter (2013). Solar wind dynamic pressure effect on global auroral intensity. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2013). How IMF Bx affects the two hemispheres differently. (external link)
• Tenfjord, Paul; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2013). Inter-hemispheric currents in the ring current region as seen by the Cluster spacecraft. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2013). How IMF Bx affects the two polar hemispheres differently. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Oksavik, Kjellmar et al. (2012). Asymmetric field-aligned currents in the conjugate hemispheres. (external link)
• Reistad, Jone Peter; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus et al. (2012). Non-conjugate aurora and inter hemispheric currents. (external link)
• Humberset, Beate Krøvel; Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus (2009). A case study of auroral conjugacy based on global imaging. (external link)
• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai (2008). Auroral asymmetries in the conjugate hemispheres during strong IMF Bx. (external link)

Editorial

• Oliveira, Denny M.; Welling, Daniel T.; Kim, Hyomin et al. (2023). Editorial: Understanding the causes of asymmetries in Earth’s magnetosphere-ionosphere system. (external link)

Chapter

• Haaland, Stein Egil; Lybekk, Bjørn; Maes, Lukas et al. (2021). Ion Outflow and Lobe Density: Interhemispheric Asymmetries. (external link)

Academic literature review

• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Cnossen, Ingrid; Milan, Stephen Eric et al. (2016). North–south asymmetries in Earth’s magnetic field effects on high-latitude geospace. (external link)
• Grujic, Katarina; Hegna, Torunn; Laundal, Karl Magnus (2012). In situ monitoring of growth interfaces: a review of noninvasive methods. (external link)

Popular scientific chapter/article

• Ellingsen, Pål Gunnar; Baddeley, Lisa; Lorentzen, Dag Arne et al. (2016). Auroral research and the total solar eclipse.. (external link)

Lecture

• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reistad, Jone Peter et al. (2014). Seasonal differences in ionospheric current rise and decay times. (external link)

Errata

• Østgaard, Nikolai; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Humberset, Beate Krøvel (2013). Correction to 'Evolution of auroral asymmetries in the conjugate hemispheres during two substorms.'. (external link)

Doctoral dissertation

• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai (2010). Auroral imaging as a tracer of global magnetospheric dynamics. (external link)

Masters thesis

• Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai (2007). Storm Time Observations of the Global Proton Aurora. (external link)

See a complete overview of publications in Cristin.

A complete list of my publications can be found at Google Scholar