Linda Gröning is a Professor in Criminal Law at the University of Bergen, Norway.

• Principal Investigator for DIMENSIONS
• Principal Investigator for CHILDCRIM
• Chair of the Research group for Criminal Justice and Mental Health

Gröning is also the Chair of the Norwegian Criminal Law Commission, has a part time position as a senior researcher at the Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology at Haukeland University Hospital, and is a Honorary Professor at De Montfort University Law School in England.

Scientific autobiography

Gröning completed her Ph.D. thesis at the Faculty of Law in Lund, Sweden in 2008. She was recruited to the University of Bergen as a postdoctoral researcher in 2009, and and was in 2013 appointed professor of criminal law. The main themes of her research concern criminal liability, responsibility and punishment.

Gröning served on the law commission tasked with reforming the Norwegian criminal insanity rules and systems in response to the 22 July 2011 / Anders Breivik case, which resulted in significant law reform. Since 2019 she leads the permanent expert commission on criminal law reforms in Norway.

Gröning is involved in the education for forensic psychiatrists in Norway, and has provided special education for all Norwegian judges in criminal insanity law. She has also been awarded several grants from the Research Council of Norway for large research projects.

She is currently focusing on the legal doctrine of criminal insanity, and how this doctrine is related to mental disorders, with emphasis on comparative research. She is also researching assessments about children's criminal insanity and violence risk.

Linda Gröning is widely used as a speaker at conferences and seminars, and as an expert in the media. Below you will find selected outreach contributions (for a full overview, see Publications).

Invited lectures / key-notes

• ‘Responsibility and Risk: Mental Disorder in Criminal Law’. Utrecht University, Utrecht/Netherlands, 2023.
• ‘Criminal insanity in Norway post 22 July: Controversies and legal reforms’. Leicester De Montfort Law School/England, 2019.
• ‘Research on legal concepts about mental disorders’. Karolinska institutet, Stockholm/Sweden, 2019.
• ‘Mental disorder and violence: A criminal law perspective. 11th European congress on violence in clinical psychiatry, Lillestrøm/Norway, 2019.
• ‘Criminal responsibility in a lifetime perspective’, 13th Nordic Symposium on Forensic Psychiatry, Gothenburg/Sweden, 2019.

Media coverage

• Forskere mener jussen trenger bedre forståelse av utilregnelighet. Morgenbladet.
• Helsehjelp som straffereaksjon. Morgenbladet.
• – Dro ut proppen for å dømme barn til forvaring. Aftenposten.
• Utilregnelighet er ingen diagnose. Aftenposten.
• 22. juli-saken utfordret synet på utilregnelighet. Forskning.no.
• Noen havner i fengsel, mens andre slipper straff. Forskning.no

Recorded lectures

• Criminal Insanity in Norwegian Law. DIMENSIONS conference, Universitetet i Bergen, 2021
• Criminal Insanity – Medical, Philosophical and Legal Perspectives. Bergen Exchanges, UiB/CMI Centre on Law and Social Transformation, 2021
• Ti år etter 22. juli-saken. Utfordringer for jussen og rettsvitenskapen. Universitetet i Bergen, 2021

Podcasts

• Bidrar strängare straff till färre brott? Vad Vi Vet, 9. juli 2022
• Varsku etter nye utilregnelighetsregler. Rett og Slett #31
• Kongsberg-drapene og psykiske lidelser. Rett og Slett #29
• Utilregnelig. UiB Popviten, 10. juni 2021

Linda Gröning has wide experience with teaching and supervision of graduate students, doctoral students, post doctoral fellows and professional practitioners.

Supervision

Today she has four PhD- students under supervision and is mentoring two postdoctoral researchers:

• Martin Minderstrømmen (PhD, UiB): The concept of danger and compulsory psychiatric treatment.
• Lucie Margot Ducarre (PhD, UiB): The right to education of autistic children.
• Kari Øverland (Stipendiat, Helse Bergen/UiB): The child premise in experts assessments about children's criminal insanity and violence risk.
• Natalia Tesli (PhD, UiO): Imaging violence in severe mental discorders; clinical relevance in the interface betweeen law and neuroscience. (Main supervisor: Unn K. Haukvik)
• Stephen Mathis (Postdoc, UiB): The philosophical dimension of criminal insanity.
• Daniil Butenko (Postdoc, Helse Bergen): The medical dimension of criminal insanity.

Teaching:

Faculty of Law, University of Bergen:

• Course leader, PHDJUR903: Empirical perspectives in legal science
• Teacher, JUS241: Criminal Law. 

Competence Center in Forensic Psychiatry:

• Specialist education for forensic psychiatrists, arranged by SIFER (National network for security-, prison-, and forensic psychiatry).

Previous:

Gröning has previously been the course leader of the PhD-course 'Perspectives on Law and Legal Science' together with professor Jørn Jacobsen at the UiB. From 2002 - 2009 Gröning was teaching criminal law, criminal procedure, international and European criminal law and European human rights law at Faculty of Law/University of Lund/Sweden.

Academic lecture

• Gröning, Linda (2024). Concepts of dangerousness and risk in law. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda; Radovic, Susanna (2024). The example of delusions. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda (2024). Socially unjust punishment? Self-induced intoxication and insanity in Norwegian law . (external link)
• Gröning, Anna Linda (2023). Strafferettslig tilregnelighet – rettspraksis etter lovendringen. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda (2023). Criminal insanity, risk and mental disorder: Norwegian law and beyond. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda (2022). Limits of autonomy? reflections about criminal law’s treatment of intellectually disabled persons.. (external link)
• Fornes, Ingun; Gröning, Linda (2022). Barnekonvensjonen i norsk rett: Barn som tiltalt. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda; Hansen, Anita Lill (2015). Barns Skyldevne. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2015). Begrunnelser for straff. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2015). Insanity rules in the Nordic Countries. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2014). The rules on legal insanity: a debate. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2013). A Criminal Law Perspective: Mental order as an excuse. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2013). Familjevåldsbrott mot barn. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2012). Towards a Theory of the Criminal Justice System?. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2012). Straffegjennomføring fra strafferettens perspektiv. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2012). Vold i nære relasjoner fra strafferettens perspektiv. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2012). Hvem har skyldevne?: (U)tilregnelighetsreglene i dag og i fremtiden. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2012). Unity trough science? A common comparative framework for transnational criminal law. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2012). Politisering av strafferetten. (external link)
• Jacobsen, Jørn RT; Grøning, Linda (2012). Politisering av strafferetten. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2010). Nationell eller transnationell straffrättsvetenskap?. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2010). Problems of contemporary criminal law. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2010). Internasjonalisering av strafferetten; lovgjeving og strafferettsvitskap. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2010). “Security, Justice and the Criminal Justice System”. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2010). Restorative Justice in Criminal Law: Introduction. (external link)

Lecture

• Gröning, Linda (2024). Current challenges in law: Criminal (un)accountability and mental disorders . (external link)
• Gröning, Linda (2024). The DIMENSIONS project. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda (2024). Legal and forensic assessments of children: presentation of the CHILDCRIM project.. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda (2024). Criminal accountability and mental disorders. Opportunities and challenges for cross-disciplinary research. (external link)
• Gröning, Anna Linda (2023). Perspectives on the responsibility doctrine in criminal law. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda; Skålevåg, Svein Atle (2023). Utilregnelighet, intelligens og IQ. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda (2023). Comment on criminal justice assessment - Impunity in Mexico. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda (2023). The relevance of mental disorders for criminal accountability: concepts, norms and science. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda; Skålevåg, Svein Atle (2023). Psykisk utviklingshemming, IQ og strafferettslig utilregnelighet. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda (2022). Vurderinger av psykisk sykdom, utilregnelighet og voldsrisiko for barn. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda (2022). Strafferettslig utilregnelighet. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda (2022). Status for forensic psychiatry.. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda; Morse, Stephen (2022). Insanity, Mental disorder and Crime. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda (2021). Criminal Insanity in Norwegian Law. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2013). Reaksjonssystemet i grensesnittet mellom behandling, straff og samfunnsvern. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2013). Straffrättslig kompetens på EU-nivå. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2013). En inkluderende strafferett? Straff og straffegjennomføring fra strafferettens perspektiv. (external link)

Article in business/trade/industry journal

• Gröning, Linda (2024). A Normative Compass for Nordic Criminal Law: The Case of Unaccountable Offenders. (external link)
• Hofstad, Tore; Nyttingnes, Olav; Markussen, Simen et al. (2023). Long term outcomes and causal modelling of compulsory inpatient and outpatient mental health care using Norwegian registry data: Protocol for a controversies in psychiatry research project. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2017). Hvordan skal vi avgjøre om alvorlig sinnslidelse innebærer utilregnelighet? Refleksjoner om lovforslaget i Prop. 154 L (2016-2017). (external link)

Academic chapter/article/Conference paper

• Gröning, Linda; Haukvik, Unn Kristin Hansen (2024). Neuroscience. (external link)
• Gröning, Anna Linda (2024). Mental Illness and Criminal Responsibility. (external link)
• Fornes, Ingun; Gröning, Linda (2023). Barn i straffesaker: skyldevne og reaksjonsvalg. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda (2022). Criminal insanity in Norwegian Law. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda (2022). Patient autonomy and criminal law: A Norwegian perspective. (external link)
• Jacobsen, Jørn ; Gröning, Linda (2021). Styrket lovskrav – bare i Høyesterett? Et kritisk perspektiv på utviklingen i straffelovgivningen. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2020). Barnerett, strafferett eller barnestrafferett? Tanker om barneperspektivets økende rolle i strafferetten.. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2019). Juridiske perspektiv på endringer i fengselspopulasjonen.. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2019). Fornuftig tvil eller tvilsom fornuft? Tvil, sakkyndighet og bevisvurdering i utilregnelighetssaker. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2019). Utilregnelighetsreglenes moderne historie.. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda; Sætre, Hilde Svrljuga (2019). Criminal justice and detention. (external link)
• Fridhov, Inger Marie; Grøning, Linda (2018). Penal Ideology and Prison Architecture. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2016). Er de norske utilregnelighetsreglene i strid med rettsfølelsen?. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2013). Sjuk, frisk och farlig: straffrättens reaktionssystem i gränssnittet mellan straff, vård och samhällsskydd. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda; Jacobsen, Jørn RT (2012). Introduction: Restorative Justice and the Criminal Justice System. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2012). Security, Justice and the Criminal Justice System: Remarks on EU Criminal Law. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2011). Straffrätten i verkligheten eller som verkligheten: Reflektioner kring straffrättsdogmatikens empiriska förankring. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2010). Criminal Law Science and Transnational Criminal Law: Reflections on the Role for Comparative Research. (external link)

Academic article

• Gröning, Linda; Melle, Karl Heinrik (2024). En kommentar til HR-2023-1242-A og HR-2023-1243-A: Planlegging som premiss for (u)tilregnelighet og rettens bruk av diagnoser . (external link)
• Gröning, Linda (2024). Regulating Criminal Unaccountability - From Concepts to Defensible Legal Standards. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda; Dimitrova, Slavka (2024). Special criminal sanctions for offenders with mental disorders: Tendencies and challenges in Bulgaria and Norway. (external link)
• Butenko, Daniil; Dimitrova, Slavka; Gröning, Linda (2023). Identifying deficits in Ukrainian law: Forensic psychiatry misuse in proceedings of administrative offenses. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda; Dimitrova, Slavka (2023). Criminal insanity in Bulgaria and Norway: Analysing the prospect of a common approach. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda; Haukvik, Unn Kristin Hansen; Morse, Stephen et al. (2022). Remodelling criminal insanity: Exploring philosophical, legal, and medical premises of the medical model used in Norwegian law. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda; Melle, Karl Henrik (2022). Strafferettslig utilregnelighet: regelavklaring og rolleavklaring. (external link)
• Jacobsen, Jørn ; Gröning, Linda (2022). Lovkommentar til straffeloven kapittel 25: Voldslovbrudd mv.. (external link)
• Westrum, Victoria; Gröning, Linda (2022). Strafferettslig utilregnelighet ved psykisk utviklingshemming – en diskusjon om regelen og praktiseringen av den. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda (2021). Has Norway abandoned its medical model? Thoughts about the criminal insanity reform post 22 July. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda; Kari, Øverland; Øyvind, Ottesen (2021). Utilregnelighet hos barn mellom 15 og 18 år: Utfordringer og muligheter. (external link)
• Jacobsen, Jørn ; Gröning, Linda (2021). Straffeloven kapittel 25: Voldsforbrytelsene. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda; Fornes, Ingun (2021). Bruk av forvaring og sikring overfor barn 1965–2020: Tidsubestemt frihetsberøvelse av barn i et utviklingsperspektiv. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda; Haukvik, Unn Kristin H.; Meynen, Gerben et al. (2020). Constructing criminal insanity: The roles of legislators, judges and experts in Norway, Sweden and the Netherlands. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda; Haukvik, Unn Kristin H.; Melle, Karl Henrik (2019). Criminal Insanity, Psychosis and Impaired Reality Testing in Norwegian Law.. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda; Myklebust, Ingrid Marie (2018). Intoxication and self-induced criminal incapacity in Norwegian law. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2017). I huvudet på en maratonlöpare. Reflektioner om straffansvarets biologiska förutsättningar. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda; Andersen, Yanique (2016). Rehabilitation in Principle and Practice: Perspectives of Inmates and Officers. (external link)
• Søreide, Tina; Grøning, Linda; Wandall, Rasmus (2016). An efficient anticorruption sanctions regime. The case of the World Bank. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2015). Tilregnelighet og utilregnelighet: begreper og regler. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2015). Ja, lovbrytere bør ha fri vilje! Til Espen Schaanning om grunnlaget og utformingen av utilregnelighetsreglene. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2014). Education for foreign inmates in Norwegian prisons: A legal and humanitarian perspective. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2014). Kriminell lavalder - noen utgangspunkter. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2013). Straffrättssystemets funktion vid familjevåldsbrott mot barn: problem, utgångspunkter, perspektiv och svar. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2013). Familjevåld i gränssnittet mellan straffrätten och barnevernsrätten: Om offentliga myndigheters rätt och plikt att anmäla av brott. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2013). Straffgenomföring som en del av straffrättssystemet: Principförklaring av fängelsestraffets innehåll. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2013). Familjevåld i gränssnittet mellan straffrätten och barnevernsrätten : om offentliga myndigheters rätt och plikt att anmäla brott. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2012). Towards a Theory of the Criminal Justice System. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2010). A criminal justice system or a system deficit : notes on the system structure of the EU criminal law. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda (2009). Lissabonfördraget och frågan om EU-straffrättens syfte. (external link)

Academic monograph

• Gröning, Linda; Husabø, Erling Johannes; Jacobsen, Jørn (2023). Frihet, forbrytelse og straff : en systematisk fremstilling av norsk strafferett. (external link)
• Husabø, Erling Johannes; Jacobsen, Jørn ; Grøning, Linda et al. (2020). Forbrytelser i utvalg : straffelovens regler om voldsforbrytelser, seksualforbrytelser, formuesforbrytelser og narkotikaforbrytelser. . (external link)
• Grøning, Linda; Jacobsen, Jørn; Husabø, Erling Johannes (2019). Frihet, forbrytelse og straff : En systematisk fremstilling av norsk strafferett. (external link)
• Husabø, Erling Johannes; Grøning, Linda; Jacobsen, Jørn (2016). Frihet, forbrytelse og straff. En systematisk fremstilling av norsk strafferett. (external link)
• Husabø, Erling Johannes; Jacobsen, Jørn RT; Grøning, Linda (2015). Frihet, forbrytelse og straff. En systematisk framstilling av norsk strafferett. Foreløpig versjon av del I og II. (external link)

Interview

• Gröning, Anna Linda; Trædal, Torkjell J. (2023). – Mange som bør ha straff, burde ikke vært i fengsel. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda; Time, Jon Kåre (2022). Forskere mener jussen trenger bedre forståelse av utilregnelighet. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda; Trædal, Torkjell; Dommerud, Tine (2022). – Dro ut proppen for å dømme barn til forvaring. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda; Hodne, Anna Myklebust; Fossheim, Kenneth (2022). 183 saker gjenåpnet på grunn av utilregnelighet. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda (2021). Utilregnlig. (external link)

Chapter

• Gröning, Linda (2023). Bærekraftig utvikling og fast eiendom: Tanker om fengselsbygg . (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2014). Rettslige grunnprinsipper, folkerettslige forpliktelser og norsk lovgivning. (external link)

Feature article

• Gröning, Linda; Melle, Karl Heinrik (2022). Utilregnelighet er ingen diagnose. (external link)
• Rosenqvist, Randi; Melle, Karl Heinrik; Narud, Kjersti et al. (2018). Utilregnelighet til besvær – igjen. (external link)
• Rosenqvist, Randi; Melle, Karl Henrik; Narud, Kjersti et al. (2018). Helsehjelp som straffereaksjon. (external link)
• Rosenqvist, Randi; Melle, Karl Henrik; Narud, Kjersti et al. (2018). De sakkyndiges rolle i straffesaker. (external link)
• Jacobsen, Jørn ; Grøning, Linda (2017). Det norske kontrollregimet. (external link)
• Jacobsen, Jørn RT; Grøning, Linda (2012). Lovgjeving i terrorens tidsalder. (external link)

Programme participation

• Gröning, Linda (2022). Bidrar strängare straff till färre brott?. (external link)

Programme management

• Holter, Katrine; Gröning, Linda; Melle, Karl Heinrik et al. (2022). Rett og Slett #31: Varsku etter nye utilregnelighetsregler. (external link)
• Holter, Katrine; Gröning, Linda; Haukvik, Unn Kristin Hansen (2022). Rett og Slett #29: Kongsberg-drapene og psykiske lidelser. (external link)

Popular scientific lecture

• Gröning, Linda (2021). Kvinner i fengsel - stopper likestillingen bak murene?. (external link)
• Gröning, Linda (2021). Ti år etter 22 juli saken: Utfordringer for jussen og rettsvitenskapen. . (external link)
• Gröning, Linda; Radovic, Susanna; Haukvik, Unn Kristin H. (2021). Criminal Insanity - Medical. Philosophial and Legal Perspectives. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2011). Straffets föremål och straffgenomföring: Frågan om utbildning i fängelset. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2011). Straffets föremål och straffrättsystemets innehåll:Tankar från straffrättsvetenskapens horisont. (external link)

Doctoral dissertation

• Møller, Eva Marie Vestergaard; Frände, Dan; Grøning, Linda (2019). A Framework for Criminalization. Debating the aims of punishment and the behavioural model of the criminal law. (external link)

Academic literature review

• Fjellvang, Maria; Grøning, Linda; Haukvik, Unn Kristin H. (2018). Imaging violence in schizophrenia: A systematic review and critical discussion of the MRI literature. (external link)

Academic anthology/Conference proceedings

• Frøseth, Anne Marie; Grøning, Linda; Wandall, Rasmus (2016). Rettsfølelsen i strafferettssystemet – perspektiver fra teori og praksis. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda; Jacobsen, Jørn RT (2012). Restorative Justice and Criminal Justice. (external link)

Non-fiction book

• Grøning, Linda; bengtsson, rikard; Zetterquist, Ola et al. (2013). Det europeiska projektet. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2012). Det Europeiska projektet: politik och juridik – historia och framtid. (external link)

Introduction

• Jacobsen, Jørn RT; Grøning, Linda (2012). Introduction: Restorative Justice and the Criminal Justice System. (external link)

Textbook

• Grøning, Linda (2011). EU, konstitution, institution, jurisdiktion, 2 uppl. (external link)
• Grøning, Linda (2010). EU: Konstitution, institution, jurisdiktion. (external link)

Popular scientific article

• Grøning, Linda (2011). Om straffenivået i lys av brotsverka utført i Oslo og på Utøya. (external link)
• Jacobsen, Jørn RT; Grøning, Linda (2011). Om straffenivået i lys av brotsverka utført på Utøya og i Oslo 22/7. (external link)

See a complete overview of publications in Cristin.

Linda Gröning is the author and editor of a number of articles, book sections and books. Here you will find an overview of her publications sorted by category.

Linda Gröning is an experienced project manager of large research projects, and is also involved as a collaborator in several interdiciplinary research projects.

Principal Investigator:

• DIMENSIONS. Criminal insanity and psychosis. Funded by the Research Council of Norway (2021-2026).
• CHILDCRIM. Assessments about children's criminal insanity and violence risk. Funded by the Research Council of Norway (2023-2028).
• Criminal accountability and mental disorders around the world. Funded by the UiB/CMI collaboration fund (2022-2024).
• PROTECT. Childrens rights, crime prevention and public safety. Led with Marit Skivenes. Funded by the Research Council of Norway (2025-2030).

Project Affiliate:

• Historicizing Intelligence. Tests, metrics and the shaping of contemporary society (University of Oslo)
• Controversies in Psychiatry. Coercive measures and medication (Haukeland University Hospital)
• Indefinite preventive detention. The implementation and impact of the ultimate penalty in Norway (NTNU)

Previous projects:

• The functionality of the criminal justice system. Project manager. Funded by Bergen Research Foundation (2011 - 2018).
• Risks and Responses in the Modern Criminal Law. Project manager (together with Jørn Jacobsen). Funded by the Research Council of Norway (2011-2016).