Norheim is Director of Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting (SFF).

Norheim’s wide-ranging research interests include theories of distributive justice, inequality in health, the global burden of disease, priority setting in health systems, and how to achieve Universal Health Coverage and the Sustainable Development Goal for health. 

For more, see BCEPS

 

Interview in Nature blogs: How has COVID-19 pandemic impacted the Sustainable Development Goals? Part 1-3:

https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/the-source/blog/blogposts-life-in-research/impact-of-covid-19-on-sdgs-part-1/18695568

https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/the-source/blog/blogposts-life-in-research/impact-of-covid-19-on-sdgs-part-2/18695586

https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/the-source/blog/blogposts-life-in-research/impact-of-covid-19-on-sdgs-part-3/18767878

 

Op Eds (in Norwegian): 

https://www.morgenbladet.no/author/ole-frithjof-norheim/

https://www.dagensmedisin.no/artikler/2020/12/03/bor-helsearbeidere-fa-covid-vaksinen-forst/

https://www.dagensmedisin.no/artikler/2020/09/25/rettferdig-fordeling-av-covid-vaksiner-mellom-land/

 

Global health (comments and editorials): 

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0896-2

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-01204-6

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6509/1309

https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.m4853.abstract

https://www.uib.no/en/bceps/139801/zeit-online-interview-bceps-director-ole-frithjof-norheim

See also: https://www.uib.no/en/bceps/news-archive

 

Here are some links to my Covid-related work (in Norwegian): 

FHI: https://www.fhi.no/publ/2020/rad-om-prioriterte-grupper-for-koronavaksinasjon-i-norge/

Helsedirektoratet: https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/veiledere/koronavirus/kapasitet-i-helsetjenesten/prioritering-av-helsehjelp-i-norge-under-covid-19-pandemien/prioritering-av-intensivbehandling-ved-kapasitetsbrist

Academic article

• Goodarz Danaei; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2025). Parsing Risk: What the GBD Models Reveal–and What They Don't. (external link)
• Angela Y. Chang; Emily K. Johnson; Sarah Ann Bolongaita et al. (2025). From sex differences to sex inequalities in life expectancy: A cross-country observational benchmarking analysis. (external link)
• Audun Brendbekken; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Frode Lindemark et al. (2025). Negotiating clinical practice guidelines: Doctors’ experiences with implementing and rationing high-cost cystic fibrosis treatment. (external link)
• Omar Mwalim Omar; Sanaa Suleiman Said; Subira Suleiman et al. (2025). A 10-Step Method for Fair Priority-Setting Processes: A Qualitative Case Study from Zanzibar. (external link)
• Sindre August Horn; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Mathias Barra (2025). Inequality aversion in health: Eliciting aversion to univariate health inequalities across different health distributions. (external link)
• Frode Lindemark; Øystein Ariansen Haaland; Reidar Kvåle et al. (2017). Costs and expected gain in lifetime health from intensive care versus general ward care of 30,712 individual patients: A distribution-weighted cost-effectiveness analysis. (external link)
• Aniruddha Deshpande; Molly K. Miller-Petrie; Paulina A Lindstedt et al. (2020). Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17. (external link)
• Alex Voorhoeve; Trygve Ottersen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2016). Making fair choices on the path to universal health coverage: a précis. (external link)
• Alex Voorhoeve; Trygve Ottersen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2016). Response to our critics. (external link)
• Trygve Ottersen; Reidun Førde; Meetali Kakad et al. (2016). A new proposal for priority setting in Norway: Open and fair. (external link)
• Kjell Arne Johansson; Jan-Magnus Økland; Eirin Krüger Skaftun et al. (2020). Estimating health adjusted age at death (HAAD). (external link)
• Ezekiel J. Emanuel; Govind Persad; Adam Kern et al. (2020). An ethical framework for global vaccine allocation. (external link)
• Carl Tollef Solberg; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Mathias Barra (2019). Consistency is not overrated. (external link)
• Benedicte Carlsen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2003). Introduction of the Patient-list System in General Practice: Changes in Norwegian Physicians’ Perception of their Gatekeeper Role. (external link)
• Rafael Lozano; Nancy Fullman; John Everett Mumford et al. (2020). Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. (external link)
• Alex Voorhoeve; Tessa Tan-Torres Edejer; Lydia Kapiriri et al. (2017). Three case studies in making fair choices on the path to universal health coverage.. (external link)
• Edvin Schei; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Guri Rørtveit et al. (2000). Legen - den enøyde samaritan?. (external link)
• Omar Karlsson; Angela Y. Chang; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2025). Priority Health Conditions and Global Life Expectancy Disparities. (external link)
• Yaliso Yaya; Kristiane Tislevoll Eide; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2014). Maternal and neonatal mortality in south-west ethiopia: Estimates and socio-economic inequality. (external link)
• Alexander W. Cappelen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2005). Responsibility in health care: a liberal egalitarian approach. (external link)
• Solomon Tessema Memirie; Muluken Argaw; Mieraf Taddesse Tolla et al. (2024). Equity considerations for the implementation of health insurance benefit package in Ethiopia: result of expert Delphi exercise. (external link)
• Christoph Kurowski; David B. Evans; Trygve Ottersen et al. (2023). New strides towards fair processes for financing universal health coverage. (external link)
• Stéphane Verguet; Addis Tamire Woldemariam; Warren N. Durrett et al. (2017). Is the sustainable development goal target for financial risk protection in health realistic?. (external link)
• Mizan Kiros; Solomon Tessema Memirie; Mieraf Taddesse Tolla et al. (2023). Cost-effectiveness of running a paediatric oncology unit in Ethiopia. (external link)
• Maria Olsen; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Solomon Tessema Memirie (2021). Reducing regional health inequality: a sub-national distributional cost-effectiveness analysis of community-based treatment of childhood pneumonia in Ethiopia. (external link)
• Trygve Ottersen; Ottar Mæstad; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2014). Lifetime QALY prioritarianism in priority setting: Quantification of the inherent trade-off. (external link)
• Benedicte Carlsen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2004). Hvordan påvirker fastlegeordningen legens skjønnsmessige<BR/>avgjørelser?. (external link)
• Jurgita Januleviciute; Torhild Heggestad; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2016). Norwegian priority setting in practice - An analysis of waiting time patterns across medical disciplines. (external link)
• Kristine Husøy Onarheim; Sisay Mitike Molla; Gizaw Muluken et al. (2018). Selling my sheep to pay for medicines - Household priorities and coping strategies in a setting without universal health coverage. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2014). A grand convergence in mortality is possible: comment on Global Health 2035. (external link)
• Alex Voorhoeve; Tessa Tan-Torres Edejer; Lydia Kapiriri et al. (2016). Three case studies in making fair choices on the path to universal health coverage. (external link)
• Anand Bhopal; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2023). Fair pathways to net-zero healthcare. (external link)
• Kristine Bærøe; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2011). MAPPING OUT STRUCTURAL FEATURES IN CLINICAL CARE CALLING FOR ETHICAL SENSITIVITY: A THEORETICAL APPROACH TO PROMOTE ETHICAL COMPETENCE IN HEALTHCARE PERSONNEL AND CLINICAL ETHICAL SUPPORT SERVICES (CESS). (external link)
• Solomon Tessema Memirie; Mieraf Taddesse Tolla; Dawit Desalegn et al. (2019). A cost-effectiveness analysis of maternal and neonatal health interventions in Ethiopia. (external link)
• Spencer L James; Degu Abate; Kalkidan Hassen Abate et al. (2018). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. (external link)
• Alex Voorhoeve; Trygve Ottersen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2014). Making fair choices on the path to universal health coverage: A précis. (external link)
• Kristine Husøy Onarheim; Mieraf Taddesse Tolla; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2015). Towards universal health coverage for reproductive health services in Ethiopia: Two policy recommendations. (external link)
• Elisabeth Marie Strømme; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2017). Global Health Inequality: Comparing Inequality-Adjusted Life Expectancy over Time. (external link)
• Lydia Kapiriri; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Harald Kristian Heggenhougen (2003). Public participation in health planning and priority setting at the district level in Uganda. (external link)
• Yukiko Asada; Jeremiah Hurley; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2015). Unexplained health inequality - Is it unfair?. (external link)
• Lydia Kapiriri; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Harald Kristian Heggenhougen (2003). Using burden of disease information for health planning in developing countries: the experience from Uganda. (external link)
• Vivian A Welch; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Janet E.G. Jull et al. (2017). CONSORT-Equity 2017 extension and elaboration for better reporting of health equity in randomised trials. (external link)
• R Baltussen; MP Jansen; Leon Bijlmakers et al. (2017). Progressive realisation of universal health coverage: What are the required processes and evidence?. (external link)
• Benedicte Carlsen; Arild Aakvik; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2008). Variation in practice: A questionnaire survey of how congruence in attitudes between doctors and patients influences referral decisions. (external link)
• Håkon Amdam; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Carl Tollef Solberg et al. (2023). Can Geographically Targeted Vaccinations Be Ethically Justified? The Case of Norway During the COVID-19 Pandemic. (external link)
• Admassu Nadew Lamu; Abdulrahman Jbaily; Stéphane Verguet et al. (2020). Is cycle network expansion cost-effective? A health economic evaluation of cycling in Oslo. (external link)
• Eirik Joakim Tranvåg; Merima Abdella Ali; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2013). Health inequalities in Ethiopia: modeling inequalities in length of life within and between population groups. (external link)
• Mizan Kiros Mirutse; Michael Tekle Palm; Mieraf Taddesse Tolla et al. (2023). Cost of childhood cancer treatment in Ethiopia. (external link)
• Sindre August Horn; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Georg Mathias Honoré Barra (2024). An Alternative Approach to Measuring Health Inequality in Norway and Implications for Municipal Priority Setting. (external link)
• Peter Hangoma; Kusum Hachhethu; Silvia Passeri et al. (2024). Short- and long-term food insecurity and policy responses in pandemics: Panel data evidence from COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries. (external link)
• Israel Fekade Zewde; Abbi Kedir; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2023). Incidence and determinants of out-of-pocket health expenditure in Ethiopia 2012-16. (external link)
• Christopher J.L. Murray; Ryan M. Barber; Kyle J. Foreman et al. (2015). Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition.. (external link)
• Georg Ruhago; Frida Namnyak Ngalesoni; Bjarne Robberstad et al. (2015). Cost-effectiveness of live oral attenuated human rotavirus vaccine in Tanzania. (external link)
• Tarun Shankar Choudhary; Sarmila Mazumder; Øystein Ariansen Haaland et al. (2022). Effect of kangaroo mother care initiated in community settings on financial risk protection of low-income households: a randomised controlled trial in Haryana, India. (external link)
• Bjarne Robberstad; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2011). Incorporating concerns for equal lifetime health in evaluations of public health programs. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2008). Clinical priority setting. (external link)
• Sabina Fattah; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2008). Seguro Popular - en helsereform for de fattigste. (external link)
• Hilde Marie Engjom; Nils-Halvdan Morken; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2014). Availability and access in modern obstetric care: a retrospective population-based study. (external link)
• Søren Holm; Per-Erik Liss; Ole Frithjof Norheim (1999). Access to Health Care in the Scandinavian Countries: Ethical Aspects. (external link)
• Hilde Marie Engjom; Nils-Halvdan Morken; Even Høydahl et al. (2018). Risk of eclampsia or HELLP-syndrome by institution availability and place of delivery - A population-based cohort study. (external link)
• Kjell Arne Johansson; Ingrid Miljeteig; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2009). Høykostnadsmedisin - mangler vi åpne og legitime prosedyrer for prioritering?. (external link)
• Ingrid Miljeteig; Kjell Arne Johansson; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2008). Etiske valg ved medisinsk nytteløs behandling. (external link)
• Kjell Arne Johansson; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2011). Problems With Prioritization: Exploring Ethical Solutions to Inequalities in HIV Care. (external link)
• Nancy Fullman; Ryan M. Barber; Amanuel Alemu Abajobir et al. (2017). Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. (external link)
• Simon I. Hay; Amanuel Alemu Abajobir; Kalkidan Hassen Abate et al. (2017). Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. (external link)
• H. Wang; T.M. Wolock; A. Carter et al. (2016). Estimates of global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980–2015: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. (external link)
• Gry Wester; Kristine Bærøe; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2018). Towards theoretically robust evidence on health equity: A systematic approach to contextualising equity-relevant randomised controlled trials. (external link)
• Lydia Kapiriri; Bjarne Robberstad; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2003). The relationship between prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV and stakeholder decision making in Uganda: Implications for health policy. (external link)
• Sindre August Horn; Mathias Barra; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2021). Public health priority setting: A case for priority to the worse off in well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. (external link)
• Ingrid Miljeteig; Kjell Arne Johansson; Sadath Ali Sayeed et al. (2010). End-of-life decisions as bedside rationing. An ethical analysis of life support restrictions in an Indian neonatal unit. (external link)
• Shoaib Hassan; Tehmina Mustafa; William Muller et al. (2024). Comparing the cost-effectiveness of the MPT64-antigen detection test to Xpert MTB/RIF and ZN-microscopy for the diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: An economic evaluation modelling study. (external link)
• Stéphane Verguet; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Zachary D. Olson et al. (2014). Annual rates of decline in child, maternal, HIV, and tuberculosis mortality across 109 countries of low and middle income from 1990 to 2013: An assessment of the feasibility of post-2015 goals. (external link)
• Kjell Arne Johansson; Bjarne Robberstad; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2010). Further benefits by early start of HIV treatment in low income countries: survival estimates of early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy. (external link)
• Mieraf Taddesse Tolla; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Solomon Tessema Memirie et al. (2016). Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in Ethiopia: A cost-effectiveness analysis. (external link)
• Lydia Kapiriri; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2004). Criteria for priority-setting in health care in Uganda: exploration of stakeholders' values. (external link)
• Ottar Mæstad; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2012). A universal preference for equality in health? Reasons to reconsider properties of applied social welfare functions. (external link)
• Karen A. Grépin; Crossley B. Pinkstaff; Arne Risa Hole et al. (2018). Allocating external financing for health: A discrete choice experiment of stakeholder preferences. (external link)
• Øystein Evjen Olsen; S Ndeki; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2004). Complicated deliveries, critical care and quality in emergency obstetric care in Northern Tanzania. (external link)
• Bjarne Robberstad; Yusuf Hemed; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2007). Cost-effectiveness of medical interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease in a sub-Saharan African country - the case of Tanzania. (external link)
• Ezekiel J. Emanuel; Allen Buchanan; Shuk Ying Chan et al. (2021). On the Ethics of Vaccine Nationalism: The Case for the Fair Priority for Residents Framework. (external link)
• Eirik Joakim Tranvåg; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Trygve Ottersen (2018). Clinical decision making in cancer care: a review of current and future roles of patient age. (external link)
• Tarun Shankar Choudhary; Sarmila Mazumder; Sunita Taneja et al. (2025). Benefit-cost analysis of an integrated package of interventions during preconception, pregnancy and early childhood in India. (external link)
• Y-Ling Chi; Mark Blecher; Kalipso Chalkidou et al. (2020). What next after GDP-based cost-effectiveness thresholds?. (external link)
• Solomon Tessema Memirie; Zewdu Sisay Metaferia; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2017). Household expenditures on pneumonia and diarrhea treatment in Ethiopia: a facility-based study. (external link)
• Benedict Rumbold; Rachel Baker; Octavio Ferraz et al. (2017). Universal health coverage, priority setting, and the human right to health. (external link)
• Mieraf Taddesse Tolla; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Stéphane Verguet et al. (2017). Out-of-pocket expenditures for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in general and specialised cardiac hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional cohort study. (external link)
• Mohsen Naghavi; Haidong Wang; Rafael Lozano et al. (2014). Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. (external link)
• Sarmila Mazumder; Sunita Taneja; Suresh Kumar Dalpath et al. (2017). Impact of community-initiated Kangaroo Mother Care on survival of low birth weight infants: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. (external link)
• Emmanuel Alphayo Makundi; Lydia Kapiriri; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2007). Combining evidence and values in priority setting: testing the balance sheet method in a low-income country. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim; Bruce Wilson (2014). Health rights litigation and access to medicines: Priority classification of successful cases from Costa Rica’s constitutional chamber of the supreme court. (external link)
• Stéphane Verguet; Alemayehu Hailu; Getachew Teshome Eregata et al. (2021). Toward Universal Health Coverage in the post-COVID-19 era. Nature Medicine. (external link)
• Alemayehu Hailu; Getachew Teshome Eregata; Karen Stenberg et al. (2021). Is universal health coverage affordable? Estimated costs and fiscal space analysis for the Ethiopian Essential Health Services Package. (external link)
• Lelisa Fekadu Assebe; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2023). Distributional impact of infectious disease interventions in the Ethiopian Essential Health Service Package: a modelling study. (external link)
• Christopher J L Murray; Sudan Prasad Neupane; Jonas Minet Kinge et al. (2014). Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990—2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. (external link)
• Alicia Ely Yamin; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2014). Taking equality seriously: Applying human rights frameworks to priority setting in health. (external link)
• Alex Voorhoeve; Trygve Ottersen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2014). Response to our critics. (external link)
• Christopher J L Murray; GBD 2019 Viewpoint Collaborators; Adnan Kisa et al. (2020). Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. (external link)
• Kristiane Tislevoll Eide; Lars T. Fadnes; Ingunn Marie S. Engebretsen et al. (2016). Impact of a peer-counseling intervention on breastfeeding practices in different socioeconomic strata: results from the equity analysis of the PROMISE-EBF trial in Uganda. (external link)
• Alemayehu Hailu; Roman Gebreyes; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2021). Equity in Public Health Spending in Ethiopia: Benefit Incidence Analysis. (external link)
• Ulrikke Johanne Voltersvik Hernæs; John Roger Andersen; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2014). Work participation among the morbidly obese seeking bariatric surgery: an exploratory study from Norway. (external link)
• Mengistu Bekele Hurissa; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Alemayehu Hailu (2021). Cost-Effectiveness of Saxagliptin Compared With Glibenclamide as a Second-Line Therapy Added to Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ethiopia. (external link)
• Ingrid Miljeteig; Frehiwot Berhane Defaye; Paul Wakim et al. (2019). Financial risk protection at the bedside: How Ethiopian physicians try to minimize out-of-pocket health expenditures. (external link)
• Neil Gupta; Ana Mocumbi; Said H. Arwal et al. (2021). Prioritizing health-sector interventions for noncommunicable diseases and injuries in low- And lower-middle income countries: national ncdi poverty commissions. (external link)
• Ottar Mæstad; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2009). Eliciting people's preferences for the distribution of health: A procedure for a more precise estimation of distributional weights. (external link)
• Gene Bukhman; Ana O Mocumbi; Rifat Atun et al. (2020). The Lancet NCDI Poverty Commission: bridging a gap in universal health coverage for the poorest billion.. (external link)
• Haidong Wang; Zulfiqar A Bhutta; Matthew M Coates et al. (2016). Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. (external link)
• Atle Klovning; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2000). Alendronat også til kvinner uten etablert osteoporose?. (external link)
• Frida Namnyak Ngalesoni; Georg Mugambage Ruhago; Amani Thomas Mori et al. (2016). Equity impact analysis of medical approaches to cardiovascular diseases prevention in Tanzania. (external link)
• Kristine Husøy Onarheim; Solomon Tessema; Kjell Arne Johansson et al. (2012). Prioritizing child health interventions in Ethiopia: modeling impact on child mortality, life expectancy and inequality in age at death. (external link)
• Mizan Kiros Mirutse; Mieraf Taddesse Tolla; Solomon Tessema Memirie et al. (2022). The magnitude and perceived reasons for childhood cancer treatment abandonment in Ethiopia: from health care providers’ perspective. (external link)
• Alexander W. Cappelen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2006). Responsibility, fairness and rationing in health care. (external link)
• Trygve Ottersen; Karen A. Grépin; Klara Henderson et al. (2018). New approaches to ranking countries for the allocation of development assistance for health: Choices, indicators and implications. (external link)
• N.J. Kassebaum; R.M. Barber; L. Dandona et al. (2016). Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. (external link)
• Olman Rodríguez Loaiza; Sigrid Morales; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2018). Revisiting health rights litigation and access to medications in Costa Rica: Preliminary evidence from the cochrane collaboration reform. (external link)
• Andreas Føllesdal; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2010). Global helseprioritering. (external link)
• Annabel Eide Ohldieck; Jan Erik Nordrehaug; Per Olav Vandvik et al. (2014). Implementation of transcatheter aortic valve insertion (TAVI) in clinical practice: An ethical analysis. (external link)
• Hilde Marie Engjom; Nils-Halvdan Morken; Even Høydahl et al. (2017). Increased risk of peripartum perinatal mortality in unplanned births outside an institution: a retrospective population-based study. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2010). Gini Impact Analysis: Measuring Pure Health Inequity Before and After Interventions. (external link)
• Benedicte Carlsen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2008). "What lies beneath it all?" - an interview study of GPs' attitudes to the use of guidelines. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2000). Limiting access to allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in five European countries: what can we learn about implicit rationing?. (external link)
• Frode Lindemark; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Kjell Arne Johansson (2014). Making use of equity sensitive QALYs: A case study on identifying the worse off across diseases. (external link)
• Lydia Kapiriri; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Douglas K. Martin (2009). Fairness and accountability for reasonableness. Do the views of priority setting decision makers differ across health systems and levels of decision making?. (external link)
• Carl Tollef Solberg; Preben Sørheim; Karl Erik Muller et al. (2020). The devils in the DALY: Prevailing evaluative assumptions. (external link)
• Rob Baltussen; Gavin Surgey; Anna Vassall et al. (2023). The use of cost-effectiveness analysis for health benefit package design – should countries follow a sectoral, incremental or hybrid approach?. (external link)
• Georg Ruhago; Frida Ngalesoni; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2012). Addressing inequity to achieve the maternal and child health millennium development goals: looking beyond averages. (external link)
• Kirsten Wiens; Paulina Lindsted; Brigette F Blacker et al. (2020). Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17. (external link)
• Alex Voorhoeve; Tessa Tan-Torres Edejer; Lydia Kapiriri et al. (2017). Making fair choices on the path to universal health coverage: Applying principles to difficult cases. (external link)
• Tarun Shankar Choudhary; Sarmila Mazumder; Øystein Ariansen Haaland et al. (2021). Health equity impact of community-initiated kangaroo mother care: a randomized controlled trial. (external link)
• Stéphane Verguet; Ole F. Norheim (2021). Estimating and Comparing Health and Financial Risk Protection Outcomes in Economic Evaluations. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim; Angela Y Chang; Sarah Ann Bolongaita et al. (2024). Halving premature death and improving quality of life at all ages: cross-country analyses of past trends and future directions. (external link)
• R Lozano; N Fullman; D Abate et al. (2018). Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.. (external link)
• JD Stanaway; A Afshin; E Gakidou et al. (2018). Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.. (external link)
• Yukiko Asada; Jeremiah Hurley; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2014). A three-stage approach to measuring health inequalities and inequities. (external link)
• Amani Thomas Mori; Frida Namnyak Ngalesoni; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2014). Cost-effectiveness of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine compared with artemether-lumefantrine for treating uncomplicated malaria in children at a district hospital in Tanzania. (external link)
• Amani Thomas Mori; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Bjarne Robberstad (2016). Budget impact analysis of using dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine to treat uncomplicated malaria in children in Tanzania. (external link)
• Getachew Teshome Eregata; Alemayehu Hailu; Karin Stenberg et al. (2021). Generalised cost-effectiveness analysis of 159 health interventions for the Ethiopian essential health service package. (external link)
• Alemayehu Hailu; Getachew Teshome Eregata; Amanuel Yigezu et al. (2021). Contextualization of cost-effectiveness evidence from literature for 382 health interventions for the Ethiopian essential health services package revision. (external link)
• Ingrid Miljeteig; Kristine Husøy Onarheim; Frehiwot Berhane Defaye et al. (2017). Etikkarbeid i lavinntektsland: Etiopia som eksempel (Ethics capacity building in low income countries: Ethiopia as a case). (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim; Yukiko Asada (2009). The ideal of equal health revisited: definitions and measures of inequity in health should be better integrated with theories of distributive justice. (external link)
• Theo Vos; Christine Allen; Megha Arora et al. (2016). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. (external link)
• Getachew Teshome Eregata; Alemayehu Hailu; Zelalem Adugna Geletu et al. (2020). Revision of the Ethiopian Essential Health Service Package: An Explication of the Process and Methods Used. (external link)
• Frehiwot Berhane Defaye; Marion Danis; Paul Wakim et al. (2019). Bedside Rationing Under Resource Constraints—A National Survey of Ethiopian Physicians’ Use of Criteria for Priority Setting. (external link)
• Admassu Nadew Lamu; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Fredrik A. Gregersen et al. (2021). Cycle-network expansion plan in Oslo: Modeling cost-effectiveness analysis and health equity impact. (external link)
• Pakwanja Desiree Twea; David Watkins; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2024). The economic costs of orthopaedic services: a health system cost analysis of tertiary hospitals in a low-income country. (external link)
• Richard Cookson; Andrew J. Mirelman; Susan Griffin et al. (2017). Using cost-effectiveness analysis to address health equity concerns. (external link)
• Haidong Wang; Amanuel Alemu Abajobir; Kalkidan Hassen Abate et al. (2017). Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim; Prabhat Jha; Kesetebirhan Admasu et al. (2015). Avoiding 40% of the premature deaths in each country, 2010-30: Review of national mortality trends to help quantify the UN Sustainable Development Goal for health. (external link)
• Edvin Schei; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Guri Rørtveit et al. (2000). Legen - den enøyde samaritan?. (external link)
• Nancy Fullman; Jamal Yearwood; Solomon M. Abay et al. (2018). Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. (external link)
• Frida Ngalesoni; Georg Ruhago; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2015). Economic cost of primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in Tanzania. (external link)
• Kristine Husøy Onarheim; Ingrid Miljeteig; Frehiwot Berhane Defaye et al. (2017). Ethics capacity building in low-income countries: Ethiopia as a case study. (external link)
• Lydia Kapiriri; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2002). Whose priorities count? Comparison of community-identified health problems and Burden-of-Disease-assessed health priorities in a district in Uganda. (external link)
• Mohammad H. Forouzanfar; Ashkan Afshin; Lily T. Alexander et al. (2016). Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2005). Rights to specialized health care in Norway: a normative perspective. (external link)
• Alexander W. Cappelen; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Bertil Tungodden (2008). Genomics and equal opportunity ethics. (external link)
• Kristine Husøy Onarheim; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Ingrid Miljeteig (2018). Newborn health benefits or financial risk protection? An ethical analysis of a real-life dilemma in a setting without universal health coverage. (external link)
• Solomon Tessema Memirie; Stéphane Verguet; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2016). Inequalities in utilization of maternal and child health services in Ethiopia: The role of primary health care. (external link)
• Katharina Kieslich; Jesse B. Bump; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2016). Accounting for technical, ethical, and political factors in priority setting. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim; Rob Baltussen; Mira Johri et al. (2014). Guidance on priority setting in health care (GPS-Health): The inclusion of equity criteria not captured by cost-effectiveness analysis. (external link)
• Haidong Wang; Mohsen Naghavi; Christine Allen et al. (2016). Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. (external link)
• Preben Sørheim; Mathias Barra; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2024). Premature Death as a Normative Concept. (external link)
• Eirik Joakim Tranvåg; Øystein Ariansen Haaland; Bjarne Robberstad et al. (2022). Appraising Drugs Based on Cost-effectiveness and Severity of Disease in Norwegian Drug Coverage Decisions. (external link)
• Eirik Joakim Tranvåg; Roger Strand; Trygve Ottersen et al. (2021). Precision medicine and the principle of equal treatment: a conjoint analysis. (external link)
• Janet E.G. Jull; Margaret Whitehead; Mark Petticrew et al. (2017). When is a randomised controlled trial health equity relevant? Development and validation of a conceptual framework. (external link)
• Audun Brendbekken; Bjarne Robberstad; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2022). Public participation: healthcare rationing in the newspaper media. (external link)
• Benjamin Matthew Clarsen; Magne Nylenna; Søren Toksvig Klitkou et al. (2022). Changes in life expectancy and disease burden in Norway, 1990–2019: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. (external link)
• Lydia Kapiriri; Trude M. Arnesen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2004). Is cost-effectiveness analysis preferred to severity of disease as the main guiding principle in priority setting in resource poor settings? The case of Uganda. (external link)
• Anand Bhopal; Kristine Bærøe; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2025). Ambition With Uncertainty: Exploring Policy-Makers’ Perspectives on Pathways to Net Zero Healthcare. (external link)
• Ingrid Miljeteig; Sadath Ali Sayeed; Amar Jesani et al. (2009). Impact of Ethics and Economics on End-of-Life Decisions in an Indian Neonatal Unit. (external link)
• Juhwan Oh; Hwa-Young Lee; Quynh Long Khuong et al. (2021). Mobility restrictions were associated with reductions in COVID-19 incidence early in the pandemic: evidence from a real-time evaluation in 34 countries. (external link)
• Frida Namnyak Ngalesoni; Georg Mugambage Ruhago; Mary T. Mayige et al. (2017). Cost-effectiveness analysis of population-based tobacco control strategies in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in Tanzania. (external link)
• Theo Vos; Ryan M. Barber; Brad Bell et al. (2015). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2019). Priority setting on the path to UHC: Time for stronger institutions and stronger health systems: Response to recent commentaries. (external link)
• Elizabeth H Shayo; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Leonard E.G. Mboera et al. (2012). Challenges to fair decision-making processes in the context of health care services: a qualitative assessment from Tanzania. (external link)
• Neema Sofaer; Lydia Kapiriri; Lynn M. Atuyambe et al. (2009). Is the selection of patients for anti-retroviral treatment in Uganda fair? A qualitative study. (external link)
• Shilpa S. Murthy; Nir Eyal; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2015). Standard of care versus second-best: Ethical dilemmas in surgery for high risk papillary thyroid cancer in low and middle-income countries. (external link)
• Eirin Krüger Skaftun; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Merima Abdella Ali (2014). Understanding inequalities in child health in Ethiopia: Health achievements are improving in the period 2000-2011. (external link)
• Trygve Ottersen; Deogratius Mbilinyi; Ottar Mæstad et al. (2008). Distribution matters: Equity considerations among health planners in Tanzania. (external link)
• Benedicte Carlsen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2005). “Saying no is no easy matter”. A qualitative study of competing concerns in rationing decisions in general practice. (external link)
• Ramanan Laxminarayan; Dean T. Jamison; Alan J. Krupnick et al. (2014). Valuing vaccines using value of statistical life measures. (external link)
• Eirin Krüger Skaftun; Stéphane Verguet; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2018). Geographic health inequalities in Norway: A Gini analysis of cross-county differences in mortality from 1980 to 2014. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2005). Hva hindrer åpenhet om prioriteringer?. (external link)
• AW Cappelen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2005). Responsibility in health care: a liberal egalitarian approach. (external link)
• Alexander W. Cappelen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2006). Responsibility, fairness and rationing in health care. (external link)
• Amani Thomas Mori; Eliangiringa Amos Kaale; Frida Ngalesoni et al. (2014). The role of evidence in the decision-making process of selecting essential medicines in developing countries: the case of Tanzania. (external link)
• Anand Singh Bhopal; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2021). Priority setting and net zero healthcare: how much health can a tonne of carbon buy?. (external link)
• Anand Singh Bhopal; Haileselassie Mehdin; Kristine Bærøe et al. (2021). Climate change and health in Ethiopia: To what extent have the health dimensions of climate change been integrated into the Climate-Resilient Green Economy?. (external link)
• Elisabeth Marie Strømme; Kristine Bærøe; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2014). Disease control priorities for neglected tropical diseases: lessons from priority ranking based on the quality of evidence, cost effectiveness, severity of disease, catastrophic health expenditures, and loss of productivity. (external link)
• Sabina Fattah; Kathrine Helvig Johnsen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2007). Livsforlengende behandling - analyse av to kasuistikker. (external link)
• Alexander W. Cappelen; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Bertil Tungodden (2008). Genomics and equal opportunity ethics. (external link)
• Frida Namnyak Ngalesoni; Georg Mugambage Ruhago; Amani Thomas Mori et al. (2016). Cost-effectiveness of medical primary prevention strategies to reduce absolute risk of cardiovascular disease in Tanzania: A Markov modelling study. (external link)
• Øystein Evjen Olsen; Sidney Ndeki; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2005). Availability, distribution and use of emergency obstetric care in northern Tanzania. (external link)
• Øystein Evjen Olsen; Sidney Ndeki; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2005). Human resources for emergency obstetric care in northern Tanzania: distribution of quantity or quality?. (external link)
• Kjell Arne Johansson; Degu Jerene; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2008). National HIV treatment guidelines in Tanzania and Ethiopia: are they legitimate rationing tools?. (external link)
• N J Kassebaum; Amelia Bertozzi-Villa; Megan S Coggeshall et al. (2014). Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim; Steinar Hunskår (2001). Kunnskap må kombineres med verdier ved beslutninger under usikkerhet. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim; Ø Ekeberg; SA Evensen et al. (2001). New guidelines for priority setting in Norway: Are they applicable for the evaluation of new health care services?. (external link)
• George M Ruhago; Phares GM Mujinja; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2011). Equity implications of coverage and use of insecticide treated nets distributed for free or with co-payment in two districts in Tanzania: A cross-sectional comparative household survey. (external link)
• Ingrid Miljeteig; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2006). My job is to keep him alive, but what about his brother and sister? How Indian doctors experience ethical dilemmas in neonatal medicine. (external link)
• Siddhanth Sharma; R. Daniel Bressler; Anand Bhopal et al. (2022). The global temperature-related mortality impact of earlier decarbonization for the Australian health sector and economy: A modelling study. (external link)
• Nicholas J. Kassebaum; Megha Arora; Ryan M. Barber et al. (2016). Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. (external link)
• Torbjørn Wisløff; Randi Selmer; Sigrun Halvorsen et al. (2012). Choice of generic antihypertensive drugs for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease - A cost-effectiveness analysis. (external link)
• Jared M. Alswang; Alexis L. Gutierrez; Samantha J. Sadler et al. (2021). Maintaining neglected tropical disease programmes during pandemics. (external link)
• Rob Baltussen; Evelinn Mikkelsen; Noor Tromp et al. (2013). Balancing efficiency, equity and feasibility of HIV treatment in South Africa – development of programmatic guidance. (external link)
• Emmanuela Gakidou; Ashkan Afshin; Amanuel Alemu Abajobir et al. (2017). Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. (external link)
• Alexander Wright Cappelen; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Bertil Tungodden (2010). Disability compensation and responsibility. (external link)
• Jonas Minet Kinge; Kjartan Sælensminde; Joseph Dieleman et al. (2017). Economic losses and burden of disease by medical conditions in Norway. (external link)
• Ingrid Miljeteig; Trond Markestad; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2007). Physicians' use of guidelines and attitudes to withholding and withdrawing treatment for extremely premature neonates in Norway. (external link)
• Ulrikke Johanne Voltersvik Hernæs; Kjell Arne Johansson; Trygve Ottersen et al. (2017). Distribution-Weighted Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Using Lifetime Health Loss. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2009). A note on Brock: prioritarianism, egalitarianism and the distribution of life years. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2000). Limiting access to allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in five European countries: what can we learn about implicit rationing?. (external link)
• Atle Klovning; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2000). Alendronat også til kvinner uten etablert osteoporose?. (external link)
• Ryan M Barber; Nancy Fullman; Reed J D Sorensen et al. (2017). Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. (external link)
• Kjell Arne Johansson; Ingrid Miljeteig; Hamisi Kigwangalla et al. (2011). HIV priorities and health distributions in a rural region in Tanzania: a qualitative study. (external link)
• Getachew Teshome Eregata; Alemayehu Hailu; Solomon Tessema Memirie et al. (2019). Measuring progress towards universal health coverage: National and subnational analysis in Ethiopia. (external link)
• Kjell Arne Johansson; Mieraf Taddesse Tolla; Solomon Tessema Memirie et al. (2019). Country contextualisation of cost-effectiveness studies: lessons from Ethiopia. (external link)
• Lelisa Fekadu Assebe; Xiaoxiao Jiang Kwete; Dan Wang et al. (2020). Health gains and financial risk protection afforded by public financing of selected malaria interventions in Ethiopia: an extended cost-effectiveness analysis. (external link)
• Lydia Kapiriri; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Douglas K. Martin (2007). Priority setting at the micro-, meso- and macro-levels in Canada, Norway and Uganda. (external link)
• Benedicte Carlsen; Arne Risa Hole; Julie Riise Kolstad et al. (2012). When you can't have the cake and eat it too. A study of medical doctors' priorities in complex choice situations. (external link)
• Alexander W. Cappelen; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Bertil Tungodden (2010). Disability compensation and responsibility. (external link)
• Mahima Venkateswaran; Kjersti Mørkrid Blom-Bakke; Buthaina Ghanem et al. (2018). eRegQual-an electronic health registry with interactive checklists and clinical decision support for improving quality of antenatal care: Study protocol for a cluster randomized trial. (external link)
• Carl Tollef Solberg; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Mathias Barra (2017). The disvalue of death in the global burden of disease. (external link)
• Stéphane Verguet; Solomon Tessema Memirie; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2016). Assessing the burden of medical impoverishment by cause: A systematic breakdown by disease in Ethiopia. (external link)
• Ånen Ringard; Bjørn-Inge Larsen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2012). Medisinske metodevurderinger (HTA) for bedre prioriteringer av helsetjenester. (external link)

Academic literature review

• Glory O. Apantaku; Lydia Kapiriri; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2025). Priority Setting in the Context of Planetary Healthcare. (external link)
• Anand Bhopal; Martin Hensher; Andrea J. MacNeill et al. (2025). Priority setting for environmentally sustainable health care: emerging approaches to fair resource allocation. (external link)
• Elina Dale; Elizabeth F. Peacocke; Espen Movik et al. (2023). Criteria for the procedural fairness of health financing decisions: a scoping review. (external link)
• Jong-Koo Lee; Chris Bullen; Yanis Ben Amor et al. (2021). Institutional and behaviour-change interventions to support COVID-19 public health measures: A review by the Lancet Commission Task Force on public health measures to suppress the pandemic. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2018). How can MCDA tools improve priority setting? Four critical questions. (external link)
• Dean T. Jamison; Ala Alwan; Charles N Mock et al. (2017). Universal health coverage and intersectoral action for health: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition. (external link)
• Mohammad H. Forouzanfar; Lily Alexander; H. Ross Anderson et al. (2015). Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. (external link)
• Mizan Kiros; Ermias Dessie; Jbaily Abdulrahman et al. (2020). The burden of household out-of-pocket health expenditures in Ethiopia: estimates from a nationally representative survey (2015–16). (external link)
• Frehiwot Berhane Defaye; Dawit Desalegn Nema; Marion Danis et al. (2015). A survey of Ethiopian physicians’ experiences of bedside rationing: extensive resource scarcity, tough decisions and adverse consequences. (external link)
• Solomon Tessema Memirie; Wubaye Walelgne Dagnaw; Mahlet Kifle Habtemariam et al. (2022). Addressing the Impact of Noncommunicable Diseases and Injuries (NCDIs) in Ethiopia: Findings and Recommendations from the Ethiopia NCDI Commission. (external link)
• Karl Blanchet; Ala Alwan; Caroline Antoine et al. (2020). Protecting essential health services in low-income and middle-income countries and humanitarian settings while responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. (external link)
• Atle Fretheim; Jan Odgaard-Jensen; Odd Brørs et al. (2012). Comparative effectiveness of antihypertensive medication of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Systematic review and multiple treatments meta-analysis. (external link)
• Ala Alwan; Reza Majdzadeh; Gavin Yamey et al. (2023). Country readiness and prerequisites for successful design and transition to implementation of essential packages of health services: Experience from six countries. (external link)
• Margaret E. Kruk; Anna D. Gage; Catherine Arsenault et al. (2018). High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution. (external link)
• Ezekiel J. Emanuel; Allen Buchanan; Shuk Ying Chan et al. (2021). What are the obligations of pharmaceutical companies in a global health emergency?. (external link)
• Mira Johri; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2012). Can cost-effictiveness analysis integrate concerns for equity? Systematic review. (external link)
• Dean T Jamison; Lawrence H Summers; Angela Y Chang et al. (2024). Global health 2050: the path to halving premature death by mid-century. (external link)
• Stéphane Verguet; Isabelle Feldhaus; Xiaoxiao Jiang Kwete et al. (2019). Health system modelling research: towards a whole-health-system perspective for identifying good value for money investments in health system strengthening. (external link)

Research report

• Trygve Ottersen; Karen Grépin; Crossley B. Pinkstaff et al. (2016). Health and development: an explicit approach to the design and assessment of country classification frameworks. Final report for the Equitable Access Initiative by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. (external link)
• Trygve Ottersen; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Bona M Chitah et al. (2014). Making fair choices on the path to universal health coverage. Final report of the WHO Consultative Group on Equity and Universal Health Coverage.. (external link)
• Eli Feiring; Reidun Førde; Søren Holm et al. (2020). Råd om prioriterte grupper for koronavaksinasjon i Norge. Ekspertgruppe i etikk og prioritering 15. november 2020. (external link)
• Alexander W. Cappelen; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Bertil Tungodden (2008). Disability compensation and responsibility. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim; Benedicte Carlsen (2003). Legens doble rolle som advokat og portvakt i Fastlegeordningen Evaluering av fastlegeordningen. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2018). Verdigrunnlag og prioriteringskriterier for folkehelsearbeidet. Notat utarbeidet på oppdrag fra Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet.. (external link)
• Eli Feiring; Reidun Førde; Søren Holm et al. (2020). The Coronavirus Immunisation Programme Advice on priority groups for coronavirus vaccination in Norway Expert group in ethics and priority setting 15 November 2020. (external link)
• Anne-Hilde Nagel; Roger Strand; Eystein Gullbekk, et al. (2007). Utdanning i akademisk redelighet - Tiltak for etikk i utdanningene ved Universitetet i Bergen. (external link)
• Bjarne Robberstad; Yusuf Hemed; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2004). Cost-effectiveness of Medical Interventions to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease in a sub-Saharan African Country - the case of Tanzania. (external link)
• Roald Ekanger; Bjørn Hagen; A Himmelmann et al. (2003). Primær behandling av ovarialcancer. (external link)
• Torbjørn Wisløff; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Sigrun Halvorsen et al. (2008). Kostnader og leveårsgevinster ved medikamentell primærforebygging av hjertekarsykdom. (external link)

Conference lecture

• Bjarne Robberstad; Yusuf Hemed; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2002). The cost-effectiveness of selected interventions targeting major source of burden of disease in Tanzania. (external link)
• Benedicte Carlsen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2003). Introduction of the patient-list system in general practice: Changes in Norwegian physicians’ perception of their gatekeeper role. (external link)
• Bjarne Robberstad; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2007). ART in Africa does not lead to improved equity in health. (external link)
• Bjarne Robberstad; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2007). ART in Africa does not lead to improved equity in health. (external link)
• Kjell Arne Johansson; David Watkins; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2024). "Advancing Equity in Healthcare: Innovations, Research and Applications" Plenary Session Centre of Excellence Innovative Methods Workstream. (external link)
• Kristen Danforth; David Watkins; Lisa Robinson et al. (2024). "Interventions Outside the Health Care System" - Plenary Session - Centre of Excellence Disease Control Priorities 4 Workstream. (external link)
• Ezekiel Emanuel; Sindre August Horn; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2024). "The Need to Assess Life Expectancy to Account for Disparities" - Plenary Session - Centre of Excellence Rationing Lab Workstream:. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2018). Prioritering mellom folkehelsetiltak. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2018). Inkluderende evaluering av folkehelsetiltak. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2018). Prioritering og folkehelse. (external link)
• Sindre August Horn; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Georg Mathias Honoré Barra (2023). Aversjon mot ulikhet i helse i et representativt utvalg av befolkningen i Norge. (external link)
• Sindre August Horn; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Georg Mathias Honoré Barra (2024). Eliciting Aversion to Inequality in Health in a Representative Sample of the Norwegian Population. (external link)
• Ezekiel Emanuel; Pete Baker; Solomon Tessema Memirie et al. (2024). "Re-imagining Global Health Financing - Refocusing Health Aid at the Margin: A Case Study in Ethiopia" - Plenary Session - Centre of Excellence Rationing Lab Workstream. (external link)
• Bjarne Robberstad; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2008). Burden of disease among the poor in Tanzania. Rights, priorities and implementation. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim; Marianne Aasen; lisa sivertsen et al. (2024). "New biotechnology to end malaria: a priority for Norwegian aid?" - Norwegian Biotechnology Advisory Board and BCEPS Centre of Excellence. (external link)

Journal corrigendum

• Jeffrey D. Stanaway; Ashkan Afshin; Emmanuela Gakidou et al. (2019). Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2018) 392(10159) (1923–1994), (S0140673618322256), (10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6)). (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2020). Publisher Correction: Protecting the population with immune individuals (Nature Medicine, (2020), 26, 6, (823-824), 10.1038/s41591-020-0896-2). (external link)
• Haidong Wang; Zulfiqar A Bhutta; Matthew M Coates et al. (2017). Erratum: Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (The Lancet (2016) 388(10053) (1725–1774)(S0140673616315756)(10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31575-6)). (external link)
• N.J. Kassebaum; R.M. Barber; L. Dandona et al. (2017). Erratum: Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (The Lancet (2016) 388(10053) (1775–1812)(S0140673616314702)(10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31470-2)). (external link)
• Pakwanja Desiree Twea; David Watkins; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2024). Correction: The economic costs of orthopaedic services: a health system cost analysis of tertiary hospitals in a low-income country (Health Economics Review, (2024), 14, 1, (13), 10.1186/s13561-024-00485-8). (external link)
• Gregory A. Roth; Degu Abate; Kalkidan Hassen Abate et al. (2018). Erratum: Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2018) 392(10159) (1736–1788)(S0140673618322037)(10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7)). (external link)

Academic book chapter

• Ole Frithjof Norheim; B Bringedal (2001). Hvordan bør vi prioritere i helsetjenesten?. (external link)
• Siri Gloppen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2011). Litigating for medicines: how can we assess impact on health outcomes. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2000). Increasing demand for accountability. Is there a professional response?. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2005). The role of formal outcome evaluations in health policy making: a normative perspective. (external link)
• Ingvild Fossgard Sandøy; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2011). Global helse: ulikhet, urettferdighet og sosiale helsedeterminanter. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2019). The Badness of Death: Implications for Summary Measures and Fair Priority Setting in Health Care. (external link)
• Nir Eyal; Samia Hurst; Sarah Marchand et al. (2013). Introduction: what’s wrong with health inequalities?. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2013). Atkinson’s index applied to health: can measures of economic inequality help us understand trade-offs in health care priority setting?. (external link)

Doctoral thesis (PhD)

• Bjarne Robberstad; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Gunnar Kvåle et al. (2005). Economic evaluation of health interventions in sub-Saharan Africa : applied economic evaluations and studies on time preferences for health in Tanzania. (external link)
• Kristine Husøy Onarheim; Ingrid Miljeteig; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2018). Priority to the newborn? Real-life priority setting and intra-household resource allocation for newborn health in Ethiopia. (external link)
• Frida Namnyak Ngalesoni; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2016). Economics of non-communicable disease prevention. Cost-effectiveness and equity impact of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in Tanzania. (external link)
• Preben Sørheim; Carl Tollef Solberg; Espen Gamlund et al. (2024). Valuing the Length of Lives in Public Health and Beyond. (external link)
• Kristine Bærøe; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2009). Delegated discretion: A call for reasonableness in surrogate decision-making and clinical judgment. (external link)
• George Mugambage Ruhago; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Bjarne Robberstad (2015). Economic evaluation and equity impact analysis of interventions for maternal and child health in Tanzania. Evidence for fair and efficient priority setting. (external link)
• Mieraf Taddesse Tolla; Kjell Arne Johansson; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2018). Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in Ethiopia saves more than lives: cost-effectiveness analysis, extended cost-effectiveness analysis, and financial risk protection. (external link)
• Hilde Marie Engjom; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Bernt Lindtjorn et al. (2018). Obstetric care in Norway - the role of institution availability and place of delivery for maternal and perinatal outcomes. Population-based retrospective cohort studies. (external link)
• Carl Tollef Solberg; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Espen Gamlund et al. (2018). Evaluating Deaths: Reconciling the Badness of Death Debate and Summary Measures of Population Health. (external link)

Master’s thesis

• Knut Fylkesnes; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Cosmas Mudenda Zyaambo (2007). Determinants of Health Care Seeking and Hospitalization in Zambia: Data from a Population-Based Survey. (external link)
• Carl Tollef Solberg; Reidar K Lie; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2013). The Badness of Death at Early Age - A philosophical inquiry into the Deprivation Account and the Time-Relative Interest Account on The Badness of Death.. (external link)
• Carl Tollef Solberg; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2013). The Badness of Death at Early Age. A philosophical inquiry into the Deprivation Account and the Time-Relative Interest Account on The Badness of Death. (external link)

Editorial/Leader article

• Trygve Ottersen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2014). Making fair choices on the path to universal health coverage. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim; Bjørn E. Gjelsvik; Tor Ole Klemsdal et al. (2011). Norway's new principles for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: age differentiated risk thresholds. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2015). Ethical perspective: Five unacceptable trade-offs on the path to universal health coverage. (external link)
• Patrick Lawler; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2015). Clinical practice guidelines as instruments for sound health care priority setting. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2017). The elusive challenge of priority setting in health and health care. (external link)
• R Baltussen; Ole Frithjof Norheim; M Johri (2011). Fairness in service choice: an important yet underdeveloped path to universal coverage. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim; JM Abi-Rached; LK Bright et al. (2021). Difficult trade-offs in response to COVID-19: the case for open and inclusive decision making.. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2020). Protecting the population with immune individuals.. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2010). Priority To The Young Or To Those With Least Lifetime Health?. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2012). Priority setting: the importance of incorporating opportunity costs. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2018). Disease control priorities third edition is published: A theory of change is needed for translating evidence to health policy. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2003). Hvor mye vil samfunnet betale?. (external link)
• Richard Cookson; Susan Griffin; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2021). Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Comes of Age. (external link)
• Amirhossein Takian; Arefeh Mousavi; Martin McKee et al. (2022). COP27: The Prospects and Challenges for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). (external link)
• Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi; Ali-Akbar Haghdoost; Martin McKee et al. (2025). The United States Withdrawal From the World Health Organization: Implications and Challenges. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2006). Soft paternalism and the ethics of shared electronic patient records - It's ethically sound for patients to opt out. (external link)

Book anthology

• Thorkild Tylleskär; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2013). Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing hiv infection. Recommendations for a public health approach. (external link)
• Anne Bremer; Roger Strand; John Alexander Cairns et al. (2017). Cancer Biomarkers: Ethics, Economics and Society. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim; Ezekiel J. Emanuel; Joseph Millum (2019). Global Health Priority-Setting: Beyond Cost-Effectiveness. (external link)
• Nir Eyal; Samia Hurst; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2013). Inequalities in health: concepts, measures, and ethics. (external link)

Letter to the editor

• Gry Wester; Reidun Førde; Søren Holm et al. (2020). Hvem bør få koronavaksine først?. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2016). Ethical priority setting for universal health coverage: challenges in deciding upon fair distribution of health services. (external link)
• Ezekiel J Emanuel; Cécile Fabre; Lisa Herzog et al. (2021). Obligations in a global health emergency – Authors' reply. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim; Prabhat Jha; Kesetebirhan Admasu et al. (2015). A premature mortality target for the SDG for health is ageist - Authors' reply. (external link)

Conference abstract

• M Johri; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2009). INCORPORATING EQUITY IN COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. (external link)
• Hilde Marie Engjom; Nils-Halvdan Morken; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2013). Availability and access in modern obstetric care: a retrospective population-based cohort study. (external link)
• Anand Singh Bhopal; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2021). How much health can a ton of carbon buy?. (external link)

Media feature article

• Benedicte Carlsen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2000). Kan økonomene gi oss mer helse?. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (1999). Healthcare rationing - are additional criteria needed for assessing evidence based clinical practice guidelines?. (external link)
• Atle Klovning; Ole Frithjof Norheim (1999). Alendronate and Fracture Prevention (Letter to the Editor). (external link)
• Kristine Bærøe; Siri Gloppen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2021). For å få tillit til koronatiltakene, må myndighetene begrunne dem bedre. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2018). Hva er folkehelse?. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2017). Å møte Bill Gates i heisen. (external link)
• Kristine Bærøe; Trygve Ottersen; Kristiane Tislevoll Eide et al. (2011). Priorities in global health. (external link)
• Jan Abel Olsen; Ivar Sønbø Kristiansen; Jon Magnussen et al. (2013). Fagkritikkens utfordringer. (external link)
• Bjarne Robberstad; Jan Erik Askildsen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2013). Styrer budsjettkonsekvens norske refusjonsprioriteringar?. (external link)
• Carl Tollef Solberg; Preben Sørheim; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2020). Helseprioriteringer under en pandemi. (external link)

Professional article

• Jeffrey V. Lazarus; Diana Romero; Christopher J. Kopka et al. (2022). A multinational Delphi consensus to end the COVID-19 public health threat. (external link)
• Carl Tollef Solberg; Preben Sørheim; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2020). Helseprioriteringer under en pandemi. (external link)
• Ingrid Miljeteig; Steinar Skrede; Jørund Langørgen et al. (2013). Skal rusmiddelavhengige pasienter tilbys hjerteklaffkirurgi for andre gang?. (external link)
• Kristine Bærøe; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2010). Etikk i legevakt. (external link)

Non-fiction book chapter

• Dean T. Jamison; Julian Jamison; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2020). Inequality in survival. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim; Trygve Ottersen; Solomon Tessema Memirie et al. (2020). Incorporating Distributional Concerns into Practical Tools for Priority Setting. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim; Trygve Ottersen (2020). Setting Priorities in the Pursuit of Universal Health Coverage. (external link)
• Kjell Arne Johansson; Matthew M Coates; Jan-Magnus Økland et al. (2020). Health by disease categories. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim; Miqdad Asaria; Kjell Arne Johansson et al. (2020). Level-dependent equity weights. (external link)
• Richard Cookson; Anthony J Culyer; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2020). Principles of health equity. (external link)
• Richard Cookson; Susan Griffin; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2020). Describing equity impacts and trade-offs. (external link)
• Richard Cookson; Susan Griffin; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2020). Designing a distributional cost-effectiveness analysis. (external link)

Popular science book chapter

• Ole Frithjof Norheim; Siri Gloppen (2013). La litigación en reclamo de medicamentos. ¿De qué modo es posible evaluar el impacto en los resultados de salud?,. (external link)

Lecture

• Siri Gloppen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2013). Promoting equity in health through litigation: Considerations for Advocates and Judges. (external link)
• Siri Gloppen; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2010). Litigating for medicines - does it bring justice to health?. (external link)
• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2024). "Bærekraftige helsetjenester eller overforbruk av ressursene?". (external link)
• Ezekiel Emanuel; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Mizan Kiros et al. (2024). "Principles for priority setting under resource scarcity" - Keynote and Panel Debate - Centre of Excellence DCP4 and Rationing Lab Workstreams. (external link)

Radio or TV participation

• Magnus Vollset; Ole Frithjof Norheim; Kristin Greve-Isdahl Mohn et al. (2021). UiB Innsikt: Bergens vaksineforskning – i går, i dag og i morgen. (external link)

Conference poster

• Bjarne Robberstad; Yusuf Hemed; Ole Frithjof Norheim (2004). Cost-effectiveness of Medical Interventions to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease in a Sub-Saharan African Country - The Case of Tanzania. (external link)

Non-fiction monograph

• Ole Frithjof Norheim; Ezekiel J. Emanuel; Joseph Millum (2020). Global Health Priority-Setting: Beyond Cost-Effectiveness. (external link)
• Richard Cookson; Susan Griffin; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2020). Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. (external link)

Introduction

• Richard Cookson; Susan Griffin; Ole Frithjof Norheim et al. (2020). Introduction. (external link)

Media interview

• Ole Frithjof Norheim (2024). "Why a new report on child mortality is historic, encouraging-and grim" - Radio Interview - NPR News. (external link)

See a complete overview of publications in NVA.

H-index: 53 Publons (Web of Science)

H-index: 58 (Scopus)

Publications listed in Pubmed

Profile on Google Scholar

Books and reports (not listed in Pubmed).

Adler, Matthew D. & Norheim, Ole F. (eds.). Prioritarianism in Practice. Cambridge University Press; 2022.

Cookson, Richard; Griffin, Susan; Norheim, Ole F.; Culyer, Anthony (eds). Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis: quantifying health equity impacts and trade-offs. Oxford University Press; 2020.

Eyal N, Hurst S, Norheim OF, Wikler D, (eds). Inequalities in health: concepts, measures, and ethics. New York: Oxford University Press; 2013.

Norheim, Ole F.; Emanuel, Ezekiel J.; Millum, Joseph (eds). Global Health Priority-Setting: Beyond Cost-Effectiveness. Oxford University Press; 2020.

 

Norheim OF (Chair), Allgott B, Aschim B, Førde R, Gjul GK, Gundersen T, Kakad M, Kjellevold A, Kvinnsland S, Melberg HO, Moen A, Mæland Ø, Olsen JA, Sjøli S. Åpent og rettferdig - prioriteringer i helsetjenesten [Open and fair - priorities in the Norwegian healthcare services – in Norwegian]. Norges Offentlige Utredninger, NOU 14: 12.

Ottersen T, Norheim OF (Chair), Bona M Chitah BM, Cookson R, Daniels N, Defaye FB et al. Making fair choices on the path to universal health coverage. Final report of the WHO Consultative Group on Equity and Universal Health Coverage. Geneva: World Health Organization 2014.  

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