I position my research mainly in two central areas in media and journalism studies. The first is media technology with a focus on human-machine interaction, AI and data, the second is sustainable business models for journalism and media. However, some of my publications also cover other topics such as business journalism, media capture, nationalism in media and political communication. That means that beyond in-depth knowledge of two areas I also have a broader competence.

My scientific approach is empirical research with interdisciplinary and international collaboration with computer scientists, data linguists, designers as well as business researchers. I often employ my students as research assistants. Most of the research provides results from real life experiences and involves participation of journalists and the media industry. I have a history of participatory action research in several projects. My main research methods are interviews, surveys, document analysis and ethnographic studies but I also collaborate on computational methods such as data mining and text analysis.

Teaching data journalism, AI and journalism, business models for media and the impact from Silicon Valley on journalism and media.

Academic article

• Carl-Gustav Linden; Katja Lehtisaari; Mikko Grönlund et al. (2021). Journalistic Passion as Commodity: A Managerial Perspective. (external link)
• Laurence Dierickx; Andreas Lothe Opdahl; Sohail Ahmed Khan et al. (2024). A data-centric approach for ethical and trustworthy AI in journalism. (external link)
• Laurence Dierickx; Carl-Gustav Linden; Andreas Lothe Opdahl (2023). The Information Disorder Level (IDL) Index: A Human-Based Metric to Assess the Factuality of Machine-Generated Content. (external link)
• Neil Maiden; Konstantinos Zachos; Suzanne Franks et al. (2023). Automating Science Journalism Tasks: Emerging Opportunities. (external link)
• Laurence Dierickx; Carl-Gustav Linden (2024). Transparency and fact-checking in open societies. (external link)
• Laurence Dierickx; Arjen van Dalen; Andreas Lothe Opdahl et al. (2024). Striking the Balance in Using LLMs for Fact-Checking: A Narrative Literature Review. (external link)
• Stefanie Sirén-Heikel; Martin Kjellman; Carl-Gustav Linden (2022). At the crossroads of logics: Automating newswork with artificial intelligence—(Re)defining journalistic logics from the perspective of technologists. (external link)
• Beatriz Gutiérrez-Caneda; Carl-Gustav Linden; Jorge Vázquez-Herrero (2024). Ethics and journalistic challenges in the age of artificial intelligence: talking with professionals and experts. (external link)
• Laurence Dierickx; Stefanie Sirén-Heikel; Carl-Gustav Linden (2024). Outsourcing, augmenting, or complicating: The dynamics of AI in fact-checking practices in the Nordics. (external link)
• Laurence Dierickx; Carl-Gustav Linden; Andreas Lothe Opdahl (2023). Automated Fact-Checking to Support Professional Practices: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. (external link)
• Sohail Ahmed Khan; Laurence Dierickx; Jan Gunnar Furuly et al. (2024). Debunking war information disorder: A case study in assessing the use of multimedia verification tools. (external link)
• Laurence Dierickx; Carl-Gustav Linden (2023). Journalism and Fact-Checking Technologies: Understanding User Needs. (external link)
• Ragnhild Kristine Olsen; Ori Tenenboim; Kristy Hess et al. (2024). Platform paradoxes and public service media legitimacy: a cross-national study. (external link)
• Laurence Dierickx; Carl-Gustav Linden (2024). Screens as Battlefields: Fact‐Checkers’ Multidimensional Challenges in Debunking Russian‐Ukrainian War Propaganda. (external link)

Academic book chapter

• Carl-Gustav Linden; Lisbeth Morlandstø; Gunnar Nygren (2021). Local political communication in a hybrid media system. (external link)
• Laurence Dierickx; Carl-Gustav Linden (2025). From bytes to bylines: A history of AI in journalism practices. (external link)
• Carl-Gustav Linden; Mikko Villi; Oscar Westlund (2024). The (mobile) news ecosystem milestone. (external link)
• Laurence Dierickx; Carl-Gustav Linden (2025). News aggregation. (external link)

Conference lecture

• Laurence Dierickx; Carl-Gustav Linden (2023). Fine-Tuning Languages: Epistemological Foundations for Ethical AI in Journalism. (external link)
• Ragnhild Kristine Olsen; Ori Tenenboim; Kristy Hess et al. (2023). Embracing paradoxes: Platform discourses and legitimacy building in public service media - A cross-national study. (external link)
• Laurence Dierickx; Carl-Gustav Linden; Andreas Lothe Opdahl et al. (2023). AI in the newsroom: A data quality assessment framework for employing machine learning in journalistic workflow. (external link)
• Laurence Dierickx; Carl-Gustav Linden; Andreas Lothe Opdahl (2023). The Ethical Dimensions of Data Quality for Automated Fact-Checking. (external link)
• Ragnhild Kristine Olsen; Ori Tenenboim; Oscar Westlund et al. (2023). Conflicts of Interests: A Cross-National Study of Public Service Media institutions’ Discourse Constructions About Platforms. (external link)

Academic literature review

• Carl-Gustav Linden (2021). Åland - A peculiar media system. (external link)

See a complete overview of publications in NVA.

Road to Freedom: How media and advertisers can reduce dependency on Silicon Valley tech companies https://blogs.helsinki.fi/road-to-freedom/ (2021)

Nordis: The Nordic Observatory for Digital Media and Information Disorder (2021-2023)

Augmented Journalism (2019-2022)