I gruppen min driver vi med klimarekonstruksjon fra marine sedimenter og stalagmitter (dryppstein) og bruker en rekke geokjemiske metoder. I det siste har fokuset mitt vært mest på nye teknikker for å rekonstruere fortidens temperaturer, særlig isotopklyngetermometri. I det nasjonale infrastrukturlaboratoriet for stabile isotoper Farlab har vi isotopklynge-massespektrometer som er spesielt tilpasset små prøvemengder. På den måten kan vi bruke metoden til å analysere marine mikrofossiler (foraminifera) for å rekonstruere temperaturendringer i havet (prosjekt DOTpaleo, finansiert av det Norske Forskningsrådet og tidligere prosjekter C4T, finansert av det Europeiske Forskningsrådet og CLIP, finansiert av Trong Mohn Stiftelsen). Se vår nyeste publikasjon i Science her som viser utviklingen av dyphavstemperaturen i Atlanterhavet gjennom de siste 65 millioner år.

I tillegg har vi med Yves Krüger bygget opp en ny metode til temperaturrekonstruksjon med stalagmitter. Vi analyserer tettheten av gammelt dryppevann som er fanget i små væskeinklusjoner i kalsitten. I FluidMICS prosjektet, finansert av det Europeiske Forskningsrådet, videreutvikler vi metoden og bruker den for å rekonstruere temperaturendringer i tropene/subtropene. Se for eksempel artikkelen til stipendiaten Marit Løland i Nature Communications her. I tillegg rekonstruerer vi fortidsklima med stalagmitter fra Sørafrika for å forstå sammenhengen mellom klima og utviklingen av Homo Sapiens i samarbeid med kolleger i SapienCE senteret. 

Foredrag på Bjerknes Senter Jubileum 2020: "Dryppsteinenes hemmeligheter"

Podcast forskning i front, UiB, 2016 om isotopklyngetermometri

 

Noen nylige publikasjoner (se CV og CRIStin for flere):

Løland, M. H., Krüger, Y. , Fernandez, A. , Buckingham, F.,  Carolin, S. A., Sodemann, H., Adkins, J. F., Cobb, K. M., Meckler, A. N., 2022, Evolution of tropical land temperature across the last glacial termination, Nature Communications 13:5158

(Tropisk temperaturutvikling gjennom den siste glasial-interglasial overgangen fra væskeinklusjons-mikrotermometri i stalagmitter; finn publikasjonen her)

Meckler, A.N., Sexton, P., Piasecki, A.M., Leutert, T.J., Marquardt, J., Ziegler, M., Agterhuis, T., Lourens, L.J., Rae, J.W.B., Barnet, J., Tripati, A., Bernasconi, S.M., 2022, Cenozoic evolution of deep ocean temperature from clumped isotope thermometry, Science 377, 86-90

(Utvikling av dyphavstemperaturen i Atlanterhavet gjennom de siste 65 millioner år; fri tilgang til publikasjonen her)

Leutert, T.J., Auderset, A., Martínez-García, A., Modestou, S.E., Meckler, A.N., 2020, Coupled Southern Ocean cooling and Antarctic ice sheet expansion during the middle Miocene, Nature Geoscience 13, 634–639

(Rekonstruksjon av havtemperaturendringer gjennom hurtig utbredelse av isen i Antarktika i midten av Miocen)

Meinicke, N., Ho, S.L.,Hannisdal, B., Nürnberg, D., Tripati, A., Schiebel, R., Meckler, A.N., 2020, A robust calibration of the Δ47-T relationship for foraminifers, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 270, 160-183.

(Kalibrering av isotopklyngesignal i planktiske foraminiferer)

Leutert, T.J., Sexton, P.F., Tripati, A., Piasecki, A., Ho, S.L., Meckler, A.N., 2019, Diagenetic effects on clumped isotope temperatures in fossil benthic and planktic foraminifera, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 257, 354-372.

(Hvor stabilt et isotopklyngesignalet når foraminifera var lagret i sediment over 40 millioner år?)

Piasecki, A., Marchitto, T., Bernasconi,. S.M., Grauel, A.-L., Tisserand, A., Meckler, A.N., 2019, Application of Clumped Isotope Thermometry to Benthic Foraminerfera, G-cubed, doi: 10.1029/2018GC007961.

(Kalibrering av isotopklyngesignal i bentiske foraminiferer)

Meckler, A.N., Affolter, S., Dublyansky, Y.V., Krüger, Y., Vogel, N., Bernasconi, S.M., Frenz, M., Kipfer, R., Leuenberger, M., Spötl, C., Carolin, S., Cobb, K.M., Moerman, J., Adkins, J.F., Fleitmann, D., 2015, Glacial–interglacial temperature change in the tropical West Pacific: A comparison of stalagmite-based paleo-thermometers, Quaternary Science Reviews 127, 90-116.

(Sammenligning av nye metoder til temperaturrekonstruksjon i stalagmitter (dryppstein); nye estimat av temperaturendring fra istider til varmperioder i de terrestriske tropene)

Meckler, A.N., Ziegler, M., Millán, I., Breitenbach, S.F.M., Bernasconi, S., 2014, Long-term performance of the Kiel carbonate device with a new correction scheme for clumped isotope measurements, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 28, 1705-1715.

(Karbonat isotopklyngetermometri: Databehandling for analyser av små prøver og vurdering av reproduserbarhet)

Meckler, A.N., Sigman, D.M., Gibson, K.A., François, R., Martínez-García, A., Jaccard, S.L., Röhl, U., Peterson, L.C., Tiedemann, R., Haug, G.H, 2013, Deglacial pulses of deep-ocean silicate into the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Nature 495, 495-498.

(Deglasiale CO₂-endringer: Indikasjoner for en fremtredende rolle for havsirkulasjonen)

Meckler, A.N., Clarkson, M.O., Cobb, K.M., Sodemann, H., and Adkins, J.F., 2012, Interglacial hydroclimate in the tropical West Pacific through the late Pleistocene. Science 336, 1301-1304.

(Stalagmittbasert klimarekonstruksjon: Første lange tropiske hydroklimatidsserie tilbake til mer enn 500,000 år før i dag)

 

Fra CRIStin databasen:

Faglig foredrag

• Simon, Margit Hildegard; Meckler, Anna Nele; Kvindesland, Alan et al. (2024). A warm Agulhas Current during glacials off the Southern Cape?. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele (2022). New Tools For Old Climate. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele (2017). C4T: Climate change across Cenozoic cooling steps reconstructed with clumped isotope thermometry. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele (2017). A new way to reconstruct old climate. (ekstern lenke)

Vitenskapelig foredrag

• Fernandez, Alvaro; Rodríguez-Sanz, Laura; Taylor, Victoria Emma et al. (2024). Bridging Proxy Discrepancies: SST Reconstructions from the Alboran Sea During the Last Glacial Maximum and Deglaciation. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele; Krüger, Yves Stephan; Loeland, Marit Holten et al. (2024). Reconstructing past temperatures with fluid inclusion microthermometry in speleothems. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele; Krüger, Yves Stephan; Loeland, Marit Holten et al. (2024). Towards a 500 kyr record of tropical land temperature from fluid inclusion microthermometry in Borneo speleothems. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele (2024). New ways to reconstruct old climate – enhancing the tool box for paleo-temperature. (ekstern lenke)
• Taylor, Victoria Emma; Marquardt, Johanna Christine; Piasecki, Alison et al. (2024). Reconstructing Cenozoic Deep Ocean Temperatures Using Clumped Isotope Thermometry. (ekstern lenke)
• Rae, James W.B.; Greene, Sarah; Sexton, Philip et al. (2024). Eocene CO2 on orbital to million year timescales. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele (2024). Cenozoic evolution of deep ocean temperature from clumped isotope thermometry. (ekstern lenke)
• Mejia, Luz Maria; Taylor, Victoria Emma; Meckler, Anna Nele et al. (2024). Coccolith clumped isotopes reveal temperatures of modern, Miocene and Cenozoic euphotic oceans. (ekstern lenke)
• Taylor, Victoria Emma; Meckler, Anna Nele (2024). Revisiting Cenozoic Deep Ocean Temperatures Using Clumped Isotope Thermometry. (ekstern lenke)
• Taylor, Victoria Emma; Meckler, Anna Nele (2024). Cenozoic Deep Ocean Temperatures and Clumped Isotope Thermometry. (ekstern lenke)
• Taylor, Victoria Emma; Meckler, Anna Nele (2024). Reconstructing Deep Ocean Temperatures Using Clumped Isotope Thermometry. (ekstern lenke)
• Rae, James W.B.; Marquardt, Johanna Christine; Meckler, Anna Nele et al. (2024). Spicy vs Minty: dynamic deep water sources in warmer worlds. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele (2023). A new look at old climate: Insights into past ocean temperature from clumped isotope thermometry in foraminifera. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele (2022). Reconstructing ocean temperatures through the Cenozoic with clumped isotope thermometry. (ekstern lenke)
• Taylor, Victoria Emma; Meckler, Anna Nele (2022). Deep-sea temperature change across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele; Marquardt, Johanna Christine; Leutert, Thomas Jan et al. (2022). Cenozoic evolution of deep ocean temperature. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele; Sexton, Philip; Piasecki, Alison et al. (2022). Cenozoic evolution of deep ocean temperature from clumped isotope thermometry. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele (2021). Cenozoic evolution of deep-sea temperature from clumped isotope thermometry. (ekstern lenke)
• Salomon, Eric; Rotevatn, Atle; Kristensen, Thomas Berg et al. (2019). Fluid circulation and fault-controlled diagenesis along a major syn-rift border fault system – the Dombjerg Fault and the Wollaston Forland Basin, NE Greenland. (ekstern lenke)
• Salomon, Eric; Rotevatn, Atle; Kristensen, Thomas Berg et al. (2019). Fluid circulation and fault-controlled diagenesis along a major syn-rift border fault system – the Dombjerg Fault and the Wollaston Forland Basin, NE Greenland. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele; Meinicke, Niklas; Leutert, Thomas Jan et al. (2019). Clumped isotope thermometry in Cenozoic paleoceanography. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele; Meinicke, Niklas; Leutert, Thomas Jan et al. (2019). Clumped isotope-based paleoceanography through the Cenozoic. (ekstern lenke)
• Bischoff, Tobias; Schneider, Tapio; Meckler, Anna Nele (2017). A Conceptual Model for the Response of Tropical Rainfall to Orbital Variations. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele (2017). Clumped isotope thermometry as a new tool to distinguish temperature and ice volume changes across critical Cenozoic boundaries. (ekstern lenke)
• Langebroek, Petra; Nisancioglu, Kerim Hestnes; Lunt, Daniel J. et al. (2017). Elevated topography enables Greenland ice to originiate during the Eocene-Oligocene transition. (ekstern lenke)
• Langebroek, Petra; Nisancioglu, Kerim Hestnes; Lunt, Daniel J. et al. (2017). On the possibility of ice on Greenland during the Eocene-Oligocene transition. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele; Bernasconi, Stefano M.; Ziegler, Martin et al. (2016). Clumped isotope thermometry as new tool for paleoceanography. (ekstern lenke)

Poster

• Mejia, Luz Maria; Taylor, Victoria Emma; Meckler, Anna Nele et al. (2024). Temperature reconstructions of euphotic oceans via coccolith clumped isotopes. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele; Modestou, Sevasti Eleni; Taylor, Victoria Emma et al. (2024). Deep Ocean Temperature Changes Across the Middle Miocene Climate Transition. (ekstern lenke)
• Taylor, Victoria Emma; Piasecki, Alison; Bohaty, Steven M. et al. (2024). Inter-basin comparison of deep ocean temperature change at the Eocene-Oligocene Transition. (ekstern lenke)
• Braaten, Anna Hauge; Jakob, Kim A.; Ho, Sze Ling et al. (2022). Limited Exchange Between the Deep Pacific and Atlantic Oceans During the Warm mid-Pliocene and MIS M2 "Glaciation". (ekstern lenke)
• Demurtas, Matteo; Rotevatn, Atle; Sharp, Ian et al. (2022). Architecture, fluid flow and deformation along a rift-bounding fault system, the Helmsdale Fault (Scotland). (ekstern lenke)
• Løland, Marit Holten; Krüger, Yves Stephan; Fernandez, Alvaro et al. (2022). New constraints on the deglacial temperature evolution in the West Pacific Warm Pool from a Borneo speleothem. (ekstern lenke)
• Taylor, Victoria Emma; Piasecki, Alison; Bohaty, Steven M. et al. (2022). Deep-sea temperature change across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition. (ekstern lenke)
• Caldarescu, Diana Elena; Meckler, Anna Nele; Andersson, Carin et al. (2019). Temperature and salinity reconstructions using carbonate clumped isotope thermometry in modern bivalve shells. (ekstern lenke)
• Caldarescu, Diana Elena; Meckler, Anna Nele; Andersson, Carin et al. (2019). Temperature and salinity reconstructions using carbonate clumped isotope thermometry in modern bivalve shells . (ekstern lenke)
• Meinicke, Niklas; Reimi, Maria A; Ravelo, Ana Christina et al. (2019). Coupled Mg/Ca and clumped isotope measurements confirm stable Western Pacific Warm Pool sea surface temperatures over the last 6 Myrs. (ekstern lenke)
• van der Ploeg, Robin; Cramwinckel, Margot J; Kocken, Ilja et al. (2018). North Atlantic sea surface temperature reconstruction for the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele; Meinicke, Niklas; Piasecki, Alison et al. (2017). Calibration of the clumped isotope thermometer for planktonic and benthic foraminifera. (ekstern lenke)
• Leutert, Thomas Jan; Sexton, Philip; Tripati, Aradhna et al. (2017). Constraining the effects of diagenetic alteration on the clumped isotope paleothermometer. (ekstern lenke)
• Leutert, Thomas Jan; Sexton, Philip; Tripati, Aradhna et al. (2017). Constraining the effects of diagenetic alteration on the clumped isotope paleothermometer. (ekstern lenke)

Vitenskapelig artikkel

• Sergiou, Spyros; Geraga, Maria; Pechlivanidou, Sofia et al. (2024). Stratigraphic and paleoceanographic alternations within a Mediterranean semi-enclosed, syn-rift basin during Marine Isotope Stage 5: The Gulf of Corinth, Greece. (ekstern lenke)
• Zhang, Zijian; Zhang, Zhongshi; Nummelin, Aleksi Henrynpoika et al. (2024). Influence of plate reference frames on deep-time climate simulations. (ekstern lenke)
• Kocken, Ilja J.; Nooteboom, Peter D.; van der Veen, Kasper et al. (2024). North Atlantic Temperature Change Across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition From Clumped Isotopes. (ekstern lenke)
• Braaten, Anna Hauge; Jakob, Kim A.; Ho, Sze Ling et al. (2023). Limited exchange between the deep Pacific and Atlantic oceans during the warm mid-Pliocene and Marine Isotope Stage M2 "glaciation". (ekstern lenke)
• Maccali, Jenny Marianne; Meckler, Anna Nele; Lauritzen, Stein Erik et al. (2023). Multi-proxy speleothem-based reconstruction of mid-MIS 3 climate in South Africa. (ekstern lenke)
• van der Ploeg, Robin; Cramwinckel, Margot J.; Kocken, Ilja J. et al. (2023). North Atlantic surface ocean warming and salinization in response to middle Eocene greenhouse warming. (ekstern lenke)
• Bremer, Alvaro Fernandez; Loeland, Marit Holten; Maccali, Jenny et al. (2023). Characterization and Correction of Evaporative Artifacts in Speleothem Fluid Inclusion Isotope Analyses as Applied to a Stalagmite From Borneo. (ekstern lenke)
• Taylor, Victoria Emma; Wilson, P.A.; Bohaty, S.M. et al. (2023). Transient Deep Ocean Cooling in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean at the Eocene-Oligocene Transition. (ekstern lenke)
• Yue, Jiaojiao; Xiao, Jule; Wang, Xu et al. (2022). “Cold and wet” and “warm and dry” climate transitions at the East Asian summer monsoon boundary during the last deglaciation. (ekstern lenke)
• Moore, Harriet; Crocker, Anya; Belcher, Claire et al. (2022). Hydroclimate variability was the main control on fire activity in northern Africa over the last 50,000 years. (ekstern lenke)
• Løland, Marit Holten; Krüger, Yves Stephan; Fernandez, Alvaro et al. (2022). Evolution of tropical land temperature across the last glacial termination. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele; Sexton, Philip; Piasecki, Alison et al. (2022). Cenozoic evolution of deep ocean temperature from clumped isotope thermometry. (ekstern lenke)
• Bernasconi, S.M.; Daeron, Mathieu; Bergmann, Kristin D. et al. (2021). InterCarb: A Community Effort to Improve Interlaboratory Standardization of the Carbonate Clumped Isotope Thermometer Using Carbonate Standards. (ekstern lenke)
• Meinicke, Niklas; Reimi, Maja A.; Ravelo, A.C. et al. (2021). Coupled Mg/Ca and Clumped Isotope Measurements Indicate Lack of Substantial Mixed Layer Cooling in the Western Pacific Warm Pool During the Last ∼5 Million Years. (ekstern lenke)
• Jakob, Kim A.; Ho, Sze Ling; Meckler, Anna Nele et al. (2021). Stable Biological Production in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Across the Plio-Pleistocene Transition (∼3.35–2.0 Ma). (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele; Vonhof, Hubert; Martínez-García, Alfredo (2021). Temperature reconstructions using speleothems. (ekstern lenke)
• Leutert, Thomas Jan; Modestou, Sevasti Eleni; Bernasconi, Stefano M. et al. (2021). Southern ocean bottom-water cooling and ice sheet expansion during the middle Miocene climate transition. (ekstern lenke)
• Modestou, Sevasti Eleni; Leutert, Thomas Jan; Bremer, Alvaro Fernandez et al. (2020). Warm Middle Miocene Indian Ocean Bottom Water Temperatures: Comparison of Clumped Isotope and Mg/Ca‐Based Estimates. (ekstern lenke)
• Caldarescu, Diana Elena; Sadatzki, Henrik; Dahl, Carin Andersson et al. (2020). Clumped isotope thermometry in bivalve shells: a tool for reconstructing seasonal upwelling. (ekstern lenke)
• Salomon, Eric; Rotevatn, Atle; Kristensen, Thomas Berg et al. (2020). Fault-controlled fluid circulation and diagenesis along basin-bounding fault systems in rifts - Insights from the East Greenland rift system. (ekstern lenke)
• Leutert, Thomas Jan; Auderset, Alexandra; Martínez-García, Alfredo et al. (2020). Coupled Southern Ocean cooling and Antarctic ice sheet expansion during the middle Miocene. (ekstern lenke)
• Meinicke, Niklas; Ho, Sze Ling; Hannisdal, Bjarte et al. (2020). A robust calibration of the clumped isotopes to temperature relationship for foraminifers. (ekstern lenke)
• Piasecki, Alison; Bernasconi, Stefano M.; Grauel, Anna-Lena et al. (2019). Application of Clumped Isotope Thermometry to Benthic Foraminifera. (ekstern lenke)
• Leutert, Thomas Jan; Sexton, Philip; Tripati, Aradhna et al. (2019). Sensitivity of clumped isotope temperatures in fossil benthic and planktic foraminifera to diagenetic alteration. (ekstern lenke)
• Deplazes, Gaudenz; Meckler, Anna Nele; Peterson, Larry C et al. (2019). Fingerprint of tropical climate variability and sea level in sediments of the Cariaco Basin during the last glacial period. (ekstern lenke)
• Bernasconi, Stefano M.; Muller, Inigo A; Bergmann, Kristin D et al. (2018). Reducing Uncertainties in Carbonate Clumped Isotope Analysis Through Consistent Carbonate-Based Standardization. (ekstern lenke)
• Bischoff, Tobias; Schneider, Tapio; Meckler, Anna Nele (2017). A conceptual model for the response of tropical rainfall to orbital variations. (ekstern lenke)

Sammendrag/abstract

• Demurtas, Matteo; Rotevatn, Atle; Sharp, Ian et al. (2022). Fault-Controlled Fluid Flow Along a Basin-Bounding Fault System: the Helmsdale Fault (Scotland). (ekstern lenke)

Vitenskapelig oversiktsartikkel/review

• Hollis, Christopher J.; Jones, Tom Dunkley; Anagnostou, Eleni et al. (2019). The DeepMIP contribution to PMIP4: Methodologies for selection, compilation and analysis of latest Paleocene and early Eocene climate proxy data, incorporating version 0.1 of the DeepMIP database. (ekstern lenke)

Populærvitenskapelig foredrag

• Meckler, Anna Nele (2017). New ways to reconstruct old climate. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele (2017). Natürliche Datenlogger im Untergrund: Rekonstruktion von quartären Temperaturschwankungen mit Stalagmiten. (ekstern lenke)
• Meckler, Anna Nele (2016). Climate detectives: deciphering clues from underground. (ekstern lenke)

Populærvitenskapelig artikkel

• Meckler, Anna Nele (2016). An extended yardstick for climate variability. (ekstern lenke)

Se en full oversikt over publikasjoner i Cristin

Jeg leder for tiden to forskingsprosjekter:

I DOTpaleo prosjektet rekonstruerer vi dyphavstemperaturer gjennom det tidlige Kenozoikum med isotopklyngetermometri og kombinerer dataene med simulasjoner fra en klimamodell for å forstå hvordan klimasystemet opererer i en middels til ekstrem drivhustilstand (finansiert av Det Norske Forskningsrådet). 

I FluidMICS prosjektet (2021-2026) videreutvikler og anvender vi en spennende ny metode for å rekonstruere tropiske landtemperaturer fra de fysiske egenskapene til væskeinklusjoner i stalagmitter. Målet er å få eksepsjonell presise tidsserier av fortidstemperaturer for å kunne svare på mange klimaspørsmål knyttet til lave breddegrader, som for eksempel sensitivitet av tropisk temperatur til CO2 eller forandringer i polområdene.  Prosjektet er finansiert av European Research Council. 

Masterprosjekter er tilgjengelig innenfor klimarekonstruksjon med marine sedimenter eller stalagmitter. Vi bruker avanserte metoder for å rekonstruere fortidstemperaturer, sammen med mer tradisjonelle metoder som for eksempel oksygenisotopanalyser.  Masteroppgaver er vanligvis knyttet til et forskningsprosjekt med flere involverte.

Stalagmitter vi jobber med er enten fra Borneo (Sørøst Asia), hvor vi ser på tropiske klimaendringer gjennom kvartærperioden, eller fra Sørafrika, hvor vi samarbeider med arkeologene i SapienCE for å finne ut hvordan klima har påvirket menneskets utviklingen.

Marine sedimenter bruker vi for å rekonstruere fortidstemperaturer i tidligere varme perioder gjennom Kenozoikum for å bedre forstå hvordan klimasystemet fungerer under høy CO₂ konsentrasjon i atmosfaren. Her anvender vi isotopklyngetermometri på mikrofossiler (foraminiferer).

Eksempler av tidligere masterprosjekter:

Julie Knutsen - Southern Ocean temperature during the middle Miocene reconstructed with clumped isotope thermometry (2020)

Marit Løland - Last Glacial Maximum to Holocene temperature change in the tropics determined from stalagmite fluid inclusions (2020)

Torill Brekken - New methods for temperature reconstructions from stalagmites (2019)

Anna Hauge Braaten - Reconstructing North Atlantic sea surface temperatures during Marine Isotope Stage M2 with clumped isotope thermometry (2018)

Diana Caldarescu - Seasonal temperature and salinity reconstructions in the Gulf of Panama based on clumped isotope thermometry in bivalve shells (2018)

Kristine Sleen Jenssen - Reconstructing Middle Miocene tropical sea surface temperatures with clumped isotope thermometry (2017)