Exploring the Epigenetic Landscape of MS

Dr. Maja Jagodic, Professor of Neuroinflammation and research group leader at the Karolinska Institutet, delivered a thought-provoking presentation in the session on Regulatory Gene & Environmental Factors in MS.

In her talk, “Epigenome as a mediator of risk factors in Multiple Sclerosis,” Dr. Jagodic discussed how her team leverages cell type-specific epigenetic landscapes to better understand how genetic and environmental risk factors, including EBV infection, influence B cell phenotypes in people with MS. This research underscores the critical role of the epigenome as a dynamic interface where environmental triggers and genetic predispositions converge to shape disease development and progression.Figure 1. Dr. Maja Jagodic giving her presentation on epigenome.

Dr Maja Jagodic giving her presentation on epigenome at the ISNI conference
Dr. Maja Jagodic giving her presentation on epigenome. Foto Maja Jagodic

Uncovering Disease Signatures through Multi-Omics Profiling

Dr. Majid Pahlevan Kakhki, Research Specialist at the Karolinska Institutet, presented a poster titled “Molecular characterization of immune cell subtypes in blood and CSF highlights epigenetic disease signatures.”

His work applied multi-omics profiling to immune cells from both blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), revealing T cell heterogeneity and disease-associated epigenetic changes specific to MS. These findings shed light on the molecular underpinnings of MS pathogenesis and open the door to identifying novel biomarkers that could guide diagnosis and treatment monitoring.

Dr. Majid Pahlevan Kakhki presenting his poster at ISNI 2025.
Dr. Majid Pahlevan Kakhki presenting his poster at ISNI 2025. Foto Pahlevan Kakhki

Investigating B-Cell Dynamics and EBV Activity Post-Treatment

Early-career researcher Chiara Starvaggi Cucuzza, PhD candidate at Karolinska Institutet, presented her poster exploring how B-cell depleting therapies (BCDT) continue to be effective even when treatment intervals are extended and B cells begin to repopulate.

Her study revealed that repopulating B cells exhibit a reduced expression of genes associated with EBV’s lytic stage, suggesting a lower EBV activity following therapy. This downregulation was particularly evident in switched memory B cells, a subtype known to harbor chronic EBV infection, and was linked to decreased T-cell reactivity to EBV antigens. These observations point to the intriguing possibility that sustained efficacy of BCDT may, in part, stem from prolonged suppression of EBV replication, offering new insights into how these treatments achieve long-term disease control.

Advancing Global Collaboration in MS Research

The EBV-MS team’s participation at ISNI 2025 highlights the power of collaborative, cross-disciplinary science in uncovering the complex mechanisms behind multiple sclerosis. By sharing our findings with the international neuroimmunology community, we continue to build bridges between research institutions, stimulate dialogue, and inspire innovation in MS research.

As we move forward, our collective goal remains clear: to deepen our understanding of EBV’s role in MS and to translate these insights into effective strategies for prevention and treatment. From Europe to Japan, the exchange of knowledge continues to drive us closer to that goal.