My research focuses on the EU/EEA law on State aid and data protection/General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

State aid law is part of EU/EEA competition law. It plays a crucial role in safeguarding the proper functioning of the internal market. Rules on State aid provide for a level playing field for all market operators (enterprises) in the Internal Market. Norway is well integrated in the EU's Internal Market owing to the EEA Agreement of 1992. Rules on granting aid are very relevant in Norway where the public sector is entrusted with many tasks and public undertakings often compete with private ones. At the same time, Norway is known for using State aid law to grant "good aid" such as aid to protect environment, support regional development or finance research and innovation.

In 2016, my PhD thesis "The Applicability and Application of the Market Economy Investor Principle" won the European State Aid Law Quarterly PhD Award for the best PhD thesis in the field of EU/EEA State aid law written in the period 2012-2016. It was published by Kluwer Law International.

In 2019, I arranged a workshop where a group of distinguished experts discussed different issues related on the application of State aid law to taxation. The workshop was financed by UiB's SPIRE Programme. More on the workshop.

In 2019, I was invited to take a position of Associate Editor of law journal European State Aid Law Quarterly (ESTAL), Lexxion, Berlin, the first pan-European publication for State aid law, recognized as the leading journal in its field today. I have special responsibility for reviewing and proposing scientific articles and case notes, contributing to the development of the Journal and its strategy, publishing scientific articles, editorials and case notes.

Data privacy and the General Data Protection Regulation is one of the fields of law that has massively gained in importance during the last years. The questions concerning the legality of processing of our personal data are being stated on a daily basis due to digitalisation of almost every single aspect of our life. Currently, I am working with amongst others data protection issues raised by using Artificial Intelligence to processing of personal data.

Following the COVID-19 outbreak, I have been invited to join the University of Bergen’s Pandemic Centre as an expert in privacy/GDPR.

In 2021, I was a member of UiB's Working Group - digital competence for UiB's students. The Working group is led by prof. Barbara Wasson, Director for Centre for the Science of Learning & Technology (SLATE) at UiB. The Working group's task was to provide recommendations concerning both the form and contents of a course on Data literacy for all UiB's students. The Working Group's report led to creating six DIGI courses that are offered to all UiB students. In this respect, I have developned and I am co-supervising DIGI 113 Data protection and GDPR.

I participated and contributed with my knowledge on data protection and GDPR in one of the four pioneer projects that were admitted to the Norwegian Data Protection Authority's (Datatilsynet) "Sandbox for responsible AI". As Datatilsynet explained: "The Data Protection Authority has established a project environment for artificial intelligence that makes use of personal data — a sandbox. This regulatory sandbox provides free guidance to a handful of carefully selected companies, of varying types and sizes, across different sectors. The goal is to promote the development of innovative artificial intelligence solutions that, from a data protection perspective, are both ethical and responsible. The sandbox helps individual organizations ensure compliance with relevant regulations and the development of solutions that take privacy into account. We use examples and insights arising from sandbox projects to develop guidelines relevant for organizations implementing artificial intelligence and to further develop our own competence in this area". For more information, see here.  In the AVT the project designed by KS and SLATE, I analysed data protection challenges raised by processing personal data of pupils in Norwegian schools for the purpose of providing individualised teaching, which is pupils' right under the Educational Act.

My work with learning analytics in the Sandbox was the reason why I was appointed a member of the Council Europe's expert group "Artificial Intelligence and Eucation" in October 2022. The group is currently working on a resolution that is to be adopted by the CoE members in 2023. The resolution will be a basis for binding legal guidelines concerning using Artificial Intelligence in education. 

As regards other projects involving AI, I participate in ENDO4P, a project led by the the Faculty of medicine at UiB. We are applying for funding from Horizon Europe to establish Centre for personalised systems medicine in edocrinology. Read more about the ENDO4P her.

From September 2022, I have been Associate professor II at the Facultty of Law at the University of Oslo where I contribute to The Clean Up Project, which is financed by the Norwegian Research Council. The Clean Up projecst stands for "Machine Learning for the Anonymisation of Unstructured Personal Data".

Since Autumn 2019 I have been member of Young Academy Norway (AYF), since Autumn 2020 deputy member of AYF's Board and Member of the Letten Prize Committee.

Since Summer 2021 I have been leading an expert group for EU/EEA legal questions in the Norwegian section of the ICJ (International Commission of Jurists).

Selected contributions in newspapers and blog platforms:

Comment: "Mener Smittestopp-data ikke ble anonymisert godt nok: Et svik" ("Smittestopp data have not been anonymised: A deception"), NRK Beta, 29. November 2022.

Analysis: “Not sure if it is aid, so better declare it compatible aid? Not so fast (Netherlands v Commission, T-469/20)”, EULawLIVE, 24. November 2022

Interview: "Korona-listen: Slik samlet Bergen kommune informasjon om 120.000 bergensere uten å fortelle om det", ("Corona-list:How bergen municiplaity collected personal data of 120,000 citizens without telling abouit it"), Bergensavisen, 9. November 2022

Analysis: “General Court on when Commission must rectify decisions initiating formal State aid investigation procedures: Helsingin Bussiliikenne v Commission (T-603/19) and Helsingin kaupunki v Commission (T-597/19)”, EULawLive, 20. September 2022.

Analysis “The devil is in the detail: Ryanair’s challenge to the recapitalisation of Finnair – Finnair II (T-657/20)”, 27. June 2022, EULawLIVE

Lecture "GDPR and Artificial Intelligence", webinar "Kunstig intelligens og læringsanalyse i utdanning" (Artificial Intelligence and learning analysis in education), SLATE, UiB, 16. February 2022

TV programme (debate) NRK Dagsnytt 18: "Rask tilgang til dine personopplysninger", ("Fast access to your personal data"), 5. January 2022

Dagens Næringsliv: "Ny teknologi kan gi politiet og Nav innsyn i «alt» bankene vet om deg med noen tastetrykk: – Dette er problematisk", ("New technology can give teh policee and NAV access to "everything" the banks know about you with a few keystrokes"), 3. January 2022

Analysis: “Discharging the Burden of Proof in State Aid Cases: The Problem of Consecutive Measures by the State Acting as Public Creditor”, EULawLive, 21. Deceember 2021

Interview: "Kan personvernet overleve koronakrisen?" (Can data protection survive the corona crisis?), Juridika Innsikt, 21. June 2021.

Analysis: "When does ‘existing aid’ become ‘new aid’ and does it always have to be notified? Some clarifications in the preliminary ruling: Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania", EULawLIVE, 24. May 2021.

Analysis: “Under Article 258 TFEU the burden of proof rests with the Commission, which may not rely on any presumption”, EULawLive, 15. January 2021

Analysis of processing of personal data by a number of mobile applications in light of the requirements set out in GDPR - "My phone spied on me" - NRK Beta, 3. December 2020

A comment on Bergen City Council's new rules on COVID-19 tracing: Reagerer på Bergens nye korona­forskrift: – Hundre prosent sikkert at persondata kommer på avveie. Eksperter på datasikkerhet og personvern kritiserer koronaregler, Bergens Tidende, 29. October 2020

Analysis: “Clarifications on the Member States’ freedom to determine public policy objectives under Article 107(3)(c) TFEU” at EULawLIVE, 23. September 2020

A dystopian story about COVID-19, Artificial Intelligence setting grades and the GDPR, EFTA-Studies.org, 5. September 2020

Debate: IB-saken viser hvorfor vi trenger personvern. Automatiserte avgjørelser kan gjøre livet enklere, men kan også lede til diskriminerende og urettferdige resultater. Bergens Tidende 17. July 2020 (A comment on the IBO case and automated decisions under GDPR)

Invited guest in a podcast "Misjon Vestlandet" by PwC Bergen in which I discussed the recent State aid developments in light of the COVID-19 outbreak

Analysis “The compatibility of turnover-based progressive taxes with EU law” EULawLive, 4. April 2020

Book review "Private Enforcement of European Competition and State Aid Law: Current Challenges and the Way Forward", F. WOLLENSCHLÄGER, W. WURMNEST, T. M.J. MÖLLERS (EDS.), EULawLive

In my capacity as member of The Young Academy of Norway (AYF) Researchers "Take the mental health of researchers seriously" - "Ta forskernes mentale helse på alvor", Forskerforum.no 24. April 2020

Interview concerning a controversial public-private project "Kommune skal lære opp privat selskap: Omstridt kommunalt-privat samarbeid kan være ulovlig statsstøtte", Fagbladet, 1. April 2020

Sugar tax in Norway and State aid rules, Dagens Næringsliv, 20. June 2018

Amazon og Apples skatteregning i EU, Dagens Næringsliv, 8. November 2017

Innovasjon Norge må forklare seg Bergens Tidende, 11. October 2017

Like vilkår - men likere for noen Dagens Næringsliv, 25. April 2017

Kan være både tillatt og fornuftig Dagens Næringsliv, 15. August 2016

Hvor mye «kultur» i kulturaktivitet? Dagens Næringsliv, 1. July 2016

Supervision of master students: EU/EEA State aid law, Data protection law, GDPR (in English and Norwegian)

Responsibility for EU/EEA law master students

Teaching:

JUS3503 Privacy and Data protection GDPR -Master (course supervisor, read more here and here)

JUS2303 Privacy and Data protection GDPR - Bachelor (course supervisor)

JUS3502 EU and EEA State Aid Law - Master (course supervisor)

JUS2302 EU and EEA State Aid Law - Bachelor (course supervisor)

JUS221 Rettsstaten

DIGI113 GDPR og personvern (co-supervisor of the course)

JUS222 Forvaltningsrett

Academic article

• Buts, Caroline; De Cock, Wout; Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka et al. (2024). Review of EU case law on state aid – 2023: Part one: Notion of state aid. (external link)
• De Cock, Wout; Buts, Caroline; Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka et al. (2023). Review of EU Case Law on State Aid – 2022 . (external link)
• Weitzenboeck, Emily Mary; Lison, Pierre; Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka et al. (2022). The GDPR and Unstructured Data: Is Anonymisation Possible? . (external link)
• Husebø, Bettina Elisabeth Franziska; Vislapuu, Maarja; Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka et al. (2022). Understanding pain and agitation through system analysis algorithms in people with dementia. A novel explorative approach by the DIGI.PAIN study. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka; Buts, Caroline; Buendia, Jose Luis (2021). Review of EU Case Law on State Aid – 2020. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka; Buts, Caroline; Buendia, Jose Luis (2020). Review of EU Case Law on State Aid – 2019. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2020). EEA Law and the Climate Change. The Case of Norway. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2019). ‘Reversed’, ‘Excessive’ or Misconstrued? The Controversy About the Burden of Proof in MEOP Cases. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2019). The MEOP in the Larko Case · Case T-423/14 Larko Geniki . (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2019). The 2019 ‘Fitness Check’ of State Aid Modernisation Reform of 2012—An Opportunity to Redefine and Reintroduce Sustainability into the EU/EEA State Aid Rules? The Example of the Transport Sector. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2018). Once an Aid Recipient, Always an Aid Recipient? The Post-Crisis State Interventions in the Banking Sector and Beyond. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka; Wyndham, Timothy G.A. (2018). Price Increasing Tax Reductions for Electronic Newspapers. Implications for State Aid Policy. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2018). The MEOP in the FIH Case - Where Law and Economics Meet, but Law Prevails (C‑579/16 P Commission v FIH ∙ Annotation on the Judgment of the Court of Justice (Grand Chamber) of 6 March 2018, in Case C‑579/16 P European Commission v FIH Holding and FIH Erhvervsbank (FIH)).. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2017). The Applicability and Application of the Market Economy Investor Principle: Lessons Learnt from the Financial Crisis. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2017). FIH Holding and FIH Erhvervsbank v European Commission ∙ T‑386/14. Annotation on the Judgment of the General Court (Sixth Chamber) of 15 September 2016 in Case T‑386/14 FIH Holding and FIH Erhvervsbank v European Commission. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2016). The Applicability and Application of the Market Economy Investor Principle Article that won European State Aid Quarterly PhD Award 2016. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2015). The problem of objectives pursued by the state under the application of the Market Economy Investor Principle (MEIP). (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2013). O zadawaniu właściwych pytań, czyli kilka refleksji na temat dopuszczalności zastosowania kryterium (testu) prywatnego inwestora. Glosa do wyroków Sądu z dnia 15 grudnia 2009 r. w sprawie T-156/04 Électricité de France v. Komisja i Trybunału z dnia 5 czerwca 2012 r. w sprawie C-124/10 P. Komisja v. Électricité de France – obu dotyczących umorzenia wierzytelności podatkowej przez władze francuskie wobec Électricité de France (EDF). (external link)

Academic lecture

• Baste, Øystein Flø; Langford, Malcolm; Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka et al. (2023). Publishing Judgments in Europe: Publicity vs Privacy. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). The Climate, Environmental Protection and Energy Guidelines in a broad State aid context. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). GDPR og KI. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). Smittestopp-appen i lys av personvern: finner vi en god løsning?. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2021). GDPR and where to limit A.I.? How to avoid efficiency at the expense of humanityhttps://mediacitybergen.no/events/future-week-21/uib-juss/. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2019). EØS-regler om statsstøtte i universitets- og høyskolesektoren. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2019). Could rules on State aid to promote risk finance investments also promote sustainable economic growth?. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2019). State Aid at the Local Level - Norway. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2019). The selectivity condition in tax cases - where do we stand?. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2019). How to determine the creditworthiness of an SME?. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2019). Recovery of aid. Selected issues.. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2019). The 2019 ‘Fitness check’ of State aid Modernisation reform of 2012 - an opportunity to redefine and reintroduce sustainability into EU/EEA State aid rules? . (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2019). The burden of proof and evidence required under the Market Economy Operator Principle - lessons learnt from recent case law. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2018). «Norske universiteter og høyskoler i lys av EU/EØS-regler om statsstøtte» - presentasjon i kjølvannet av Politisk plattform for en regjering utgått av Høyre, Fremskrittspartiet og Venstre, Jeløya, 14. januar 2018 og Rapport «Like konkurransevilkår for offentlige og private aktører» av 23. januar 2018 (Nærings- og fiskeridepartementet). (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2018). The Market Economy Operator Principle. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2018). Offentliga aktörers möjligheter och begränsningar att investera i egna bolag.. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2018). Personvern og menneskerettigheter. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2017). Presentasjon av postdok.-prosjektet på Stockholm School of Economics - Towards more stability, competitiveness and predictability in the financial sector: the correct use of the Market Economy Operator Principle as part of the solution. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2017). Presentasjon av postdoc.-prosjektet og statsstøtteregelverket for miljø og energitiltak på et seminar med representanter fra Utenriksdepartementet (rettsavdeling). (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2017). Fremleggelse av en artikkel: Once an Aid Recipient, Always an Aid Recipient? The Post-Crisis State Interventions in the Banking Sector and Beyond . (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2017). “EU/EEA state aid law and the energy sector”. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka; Wyndham, Timothy G.A. (2017). «Price increasing tax reductions for electronic newspapers: Implications for State aid policy” basert på en artikkel skrevet sammen med Tim Wyndham, NHH, som gjelder nullmoms på elektroniske aviser i Norge. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2017). «Price increasing tax reductions for electronic newspapers: Implications for State aid policy”. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2017). Startup seminar "Towards more stability, competitiveness and predictability in the financial sector" Presentation of the project financed by the Finansmarkedsfondet Presentation of the postdoctoral project: «Towards more stability, competitiveness and predictability in the financial sector: the correct use of the Market Economy Operator Principle as part of the solution» . (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka; Helle, Herdis; Vagstad, Steinar (2016). BECCLE-Seminar: Kryssubsidiering, effektiv ressursbruk og ESAs kontroll av det offentlige. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2016). Om anvendbarhet og anvendelse av markedaktørprinsippet. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2016). The Applicability and Application of the Market Economy Investor Principle Lecture following receiving the price for the best PhD thesis in the period 2012-2016 - the European State Aid Law Quarterly PhD Award for the best PhD thesis in the field of EU/EEA State aid law . (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2016). Fremleggelse av en artikkel: «The Applicability and Application of the Market Economy Investor Principle: Lessons learnt from the Financial Crisis». (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka; Sühnel, Steffen (2013). The Applicability and Application of MEIP Senior manager Steffen Sühnel, PwC, Berlin: Applying the Private Investor Test in practice. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2013). Presentation of the PhD thesis : The Market Economyc Investor principle and Article 345 TFEU". (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2012). The applicability of State aid rules to financing Health Care in the EU/EEA. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2011). The Market Economy Investor Principle as a legal tool aimed at safeguarding the principle of equality of private and public undertakings under State aid rules. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2010). "Article 345 TFEU - an exemption from competition rules? Chosen state aid related aspects of competition between public and private undertakings in the Internal Market" . (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2010). "State Aid, cross-subsidising and tender bids from suppliers controlled by the public – a problem in regulated procurement? (cfr Dir 2004/18 Article 55)”. (external link)

Popular scientific lecture

• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2023). EduTalks@Council of Europe - Data Protection and the Right to Privacy in Education and in The Face of AI https://www.coe.int/en/web/education/-/edutalks-council-of-europe-data-protection-and-the-right-to-privacy-in-education-and-in-the-face-of-ai. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). Bruk av SoMe på sykehus. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2019). Brexit - possible consequences and impact on Scandinavia. (external link)

Academic chapter/article/Conference paper

• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2023). State aid conditionality and misuse of aid. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2023). Personvern og Smittestopp. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2023). Bruk og misbruk av personopplysninger om egne barn i sosiale medier i lys av barns rett til personvern i barnekonvensjonen artikkel 16. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). The interplay between the framework for payment services and data protection: a piece of European community identity. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). FIH Holding : The Market Economy Operator Principle as a Concept Based on Law and Economics, but Where the Law Prevails. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). BP Chemicals: An Important Clarification on the Applicability of the MEOP That Still Waits for Its Full Recognition. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2021). State aid and the financial sector: the crisis and beyond. (external link)
• Askeland, Bjarte; Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka; Holmøyvik, Eirik et al. (2019). Klimarettslege utfordringar for rettsvitskapen.. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2019). Om anvendelsen av EØS-regler om offentlig støtte i den norske universitets- og høyskolesektoren.. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka; Røed, Øyvind (2018). Norway - National Report - XXVIII FIDE Congress. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2018). Effectiveness and Application of EU and EEA Law in Polish Courts. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2017). BP Chemicals: Lessons to Be Recalled in the Context of Applying the MEIP to Consecutive State Measures in the Financial Sector. (external link)

Encyclopedia article

• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2023). State Aid in Air Transport. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2023). State Aid and Public Service Obligations in Road Transport. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2023). State Aid and Public Service Obligations in Maritime and Inland Waterway Transport. (external link)

Popular scientific article

• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2023). Op-Ed: “The intensity and efficiency of judicial review of the Commission’s application of its Temporary Framework for State aid granted in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak: Ryanair and Condor (Joined cases T-34/21 and T-87/21)”. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). Analysis: “General Court on when Commission must rectify decisions initiating formal State aid investigation procedures: Helsingin Bussiliikenne v Commission (T-603/19) and Helsingin kaupunki v Commission (T-597/19)”. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). Analysis: Not sure if it is aid, so better declare it compatible aid? Not so fast (Netherlands v Commission, T-469/20). (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). “The devil is in the detail: Ryanair’s challenge to the recapitalisation of Finnair – Finnair II (T-657/20)”, . (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2021). Analysis: “Under Article 258 TFEU the burden of proof rests with the Commission, which may not rely on any presumption”.. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2021). When does ‘existing aid’ become ‘new aid’ and does it always have to be notified? Some clarifications in the preliminary ruling: Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2021). Analysis: “Discharging the Burden of Proof in State Aid Cases: The Problem of Consecutive Measures by the State Acting as Public Creditor”. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2020). A dystopian story about COVID-19, Artificial Intelligence setting grades and the GDPR. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2020). Analysis: “Clarifications on the Member States’ freedom to determine public policy objectives under Article 107(3)(c) TFEU”. (external link)

Programme management

• Holter, Katrine; Holmøyvik, Eirik; Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). Rett og Slett #13: Polen og europeiske rettsstater under press - del II. (external link)
• Holter, Katrine; Holmøyvik, Eirik; Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). Rett og Slett #12: Polen og europeiske rettsstater under press - del I. (external link)

Lecture

• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). Regulating SOEs in the EU and EEA State aid law: The application of the Market Economy Operator Principle (MEOP). (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). Rettslig grunnlag i AVT-prosjektet. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). Markedsinvestorprinsippet. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). Behandlingsgrunnlag. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka; Jørgensen, Brian (2021). Å finne rettslig grunnlag til å bruke KI på elevdata.. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2021). Bruk av elevenes aktivitetsdata i læringsanalyse. Utvalgte personvernrettslige utfordringer i AVT-prosjektet. . (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2020). Personvern og GDPR. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2020). EØS-regler om statsstøtte, like konkurransevilkår og gode formål. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2018). EEA law and the climate change. Some thoughts from Norway . (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka; Alterskjær, Bjørnar (2017). «EØS-avtalens vilkår om at støtten må påvirke samhandelen mellom avtalepartene (samhandelskriteriet)». (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2017). Sole responsibility for a half-day seminar on the Market Economy Investor Principle (lecture, assignments). (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka; Lund, Christian (2017). «Etterlevelse av markedsaktørprinsippet (MEOP)». (external link)

Interview

• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). Korona-listen: Slik samlet Bergen kommune informasjon om 120.000 bergensere uten å fortelle om det. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). Ny teknologi kan gi politiet og NAV innsyn i "alt" bankene vet om deg med noen tastetrykk: - Dette er problematisk.. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). Rask tilgang til dine personopplysninger. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). Hva forskar du på?. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). Grindr risikerer tidenes GDPR-gebyr. #4 Kan personvernet overleve koronakrisen? av David Ferger. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2021). Kan personvernet overleve koronakrisen? https://juridika.no/innsikt/kan-personvernet-overleve-koronakrisen. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2021). EU-domstolens og EMDs fellelser gjør lite inntrykk på Polenhttps://rett24.no/articles/eu-domstolens-og-emds-fellelser-gjor-ikke-inntrykk-pa-polen. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2021). Kritiserer forskningsarbeid med Polen https://www.morgenbladet.no/aktuelt/demokrati/2021/05/07/kritiserer-forskningssamarbeid-med-polen/ . (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2021). Polen utfordrer nok en gang EU. Nå hviskes det om et «polexit». https://www.aftenposten.no/verden/i/66XxM3/polen-utfordrer-nok-en-gang-eu-naa-hviskes-det-om-et-polexit. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2021). Offentlige organer forlater Facebook: – De mister viktig publikum. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2020). Telefonen spionerte på meg. Slik fant jeg overvåkerne.. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2020). Vi drøfter koronakrisen - om statens tiltak slår til, eller slår feilhttps://soundcloud.com/user-889453098-695484926/vi-drofter-koronakrisen-om-statens-tiltak-slar-til-eller-slar-feil. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2020). Kommune skal lære opp privat selskap: Omstridt kommunalt-privat samarbeid kan være ulovlig statsstøttehttps://fagbladet.no/nyheter/kommune-skal-lare-opp-privat-selskap-omstridt-kommunaltprivat-samarbeid-kan-vare-ulovlig-statsstotte-6.91.691903.6e243f1be6. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2020). Dax18 Presidentvalg i Polen. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2020). Reagerer på Bergens nye korona­forskrift: – Hundre prosent sikkert at persondata kommer på avveie. Eksperter på datasikkerhet og personvern kritiserer koronaregler.. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2019). Bomprosjektene kunne spart flere hundre millioner i året. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2018). Leterefusjonsordningen er trolig ulovlig Den norske leterefusjonsordningen utgjør en gyllen skattefordel, men kan bli gjenstand for gransking av Esa pga. mistanke om den i praksis er statsstøtte, som ikke er tillatt.. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2018). Har staten lov til å konkurrere på det private markedet?. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2017). Moods fekk fem millionar i risikolån – jussekspert er skeptisk til om det var lovleg https://www.nrk.no/sognogfjordane/ber-om-forklaring-pa-lan-til-moods-1.13728258. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2016). Rydder opp i EUs regler for statsstøtte http://www.uib.no/aktuelt/100511/rydder-opp-i-eus-regler-statsst%C3%B8tte. (external link)

Editorial

• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2022). Den polske rettsstatskrisen og EØS-midlene. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2019). State Aid in the Form of Tax Exemptions – Some Thoughts from Norway. (external link)

Feature article

• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2021). Internasjonalisering og tverrfaglighet i finansiering: One size does not fit all . (external link)
• Holmøyvik, Eirik; Einarsen, Terje; Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2021). Streecks EU-konspirasjon. (external link)
• Holmøyvik, Eirik; Einarsen, Terje; Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2021). Rettslige og etiske spørsmål ved forskningssamarbeid med Polen. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2021). Feil og misforståelser om Polen – og en mulig milliardbesparelse i statsbudsjettet?. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2021). Verdien av et kvinneliv. (external link)
• Solheim, Marte Cecilie Wilhelmsen; Holmen, Heidi; Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka et al. (2020). Ta forskernes mentale helse på alvor. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2020). Debatt: – IB-saken viser hvorfor vi trenger personvern Automatiserte avgjørelser kan gjøre livet enklere, men kan også lede til diskriminerende og urettferdige resultater.. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2020). Betaler du nok skatt, Apple? EU skal avgjøre om Apple har fått ulovlig statsstøttehttps://blogg.forskning.no/akademiet-for-yngre-forskere/betaler-du-nok-skatt-apple/1630916. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2020). Kort sagt. statlig propaganda i Polen. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2018). Slumpavgift blir stasstøtteproblem. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2017). «Innovasjon Norge må forklare seg». (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2017). Amazon og Apples skatteregning i EU. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2016). Like vilkår - men likere for noen. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2016). “A controversial expansion of the MEIP in a financial crisis case – the GC’s judgment in Case T‑386/14 FIH of 15 September 2016 (under appeal)”. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2016). Concurrences blog – innlegg: “The EU General Court hands down a controversial judgment expanding market economy investor principle in a financial crisis case (FIH Holding)” http://www.concurrences.com/en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2016/the-french-supreme-court-holds-that-a-jurisdiction-or-arbitration-clause-cannot . (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2016). Kan være både tillatt og fornuftig. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2016). Hvor mye «kultur» i kulturaktivitet?. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2014). Gjestebloggpost: T-488/11 Sarc v. Kommisjonen - programvarelisensiering som statsstøtte. (external link)

Programme participation

• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2021). #4 SandKasten: Skreddersøm på samlebånd Podcast om AVT-prosjektet - datalæringsanalyse. (external link)
• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2020). Polen - Når rettsstaten svikter https://www.bergenglobal.no/events/polen-naar-rettsstaten-svikter/. (external link)

Reader opinion piece

• Holmøyvik, Eirik; Einarsen, Terje; Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2021). Europeisk rett og polsk urett. (external link)

Short communication

• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2020). Analysis: “The compatibility of turnover-based progressive taxes with EU law” . (external link)

Book review

• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2020). Private Enforcement of European Competition and State Aid Law: Current Challenges and the Way Forward F. WOLLENSCHLÄGER, W. WURMNEST, T. M.J. MÖLLERS (EDS.) REVIEW BY Małgorzata Cyndecka. (external link)

Academic literature review

• Buendia, Jose Luis; Buts, Caroline; Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2019). Review of EU Case Law on State Aid – 2018. (external link)

Academic monograph

• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2016). "The Market Economy Investor Test in EU State Aid Law: Applicability and Application", International Competition Law Series. (external link)

Doctoral dissertation

• Cyndecka, Malgorzata Agnieszka (2015). The Applicability and Application of the Market Economy Investor Principle. (external link)

See a complete overview of publications in Cristin.

I am currently working with projects that concern both data protection/GDPR and EU/EEA State aid law.

In 2021/2022, I participated in the AVT project that is one of the first four projects that participated in the Norwegian Data Protection Authority's Sandbox for responsible Artificial Intelligence. The project concerned digital analysis of personal data of pupils in thee Norwegian schools. I contributed with my expertise on the GDPR and was given main responsibility for amongst others clarifying the legal basis for processing of pupils' personal data.

From October 2022, I have been a member of the Council of Europe's expert group "Artificial Intelligence and Education". The group works towards a resolution on using Ai in education taht is to be adopted by the member states in 2023. The resolution will be a basis for binding legal guidelines that will be adopted in 2025.

I have also been invited to join a team that applies for financing of a project concerning personalized systems medicine in endocrinology (ENDO4P) at the University of Bergen. The aim of the project is to bring endocrinology from traditional disease-oriented diagnostics and treatment into the era of P4 Systems Medicine, focusing on Prediction and Prevention of disease, Personalized treatment and Participation of the patient. The project amounts to processing loads of personal data of patients which creates enormous possibilities and interesting data privacy issues.

As part of creating brand-new special courses JUS294-2-A Privacy and data Protection – GDPR and JUS295-2-A Legal Technology: Artificial Intelligence and Law, I coordinate cooperation with Media City Bergen, an international knowledge and innovation cluster based in Bergen. Law students will have a unique possibility to apply their knowledge of data protection/GDPR and Artificial Intelligence in real projects that are being developed in Media City Bergen.

As regards EU/EEA State aid law, in 2019 I organised a workshop concerning the relation between the EU/EEA State aid law and Tax law of the Member States. The project was financed by the University of Bergen's SPIRE-fund (Strategisk program for internasjonalt forskningssamarbeid). The workshop gathered the following renowned experts: Georg Børresen, Assistand director general, Norwegian tax authorities: The "arm's length principle" from the perspective of Tax law, Dr. Liza Lovdahl Gormsen, Director of the Competition Law Forum & Senior Research Fellow in Competition Law, British Institute of International and Comparative law: The "arms's length principle" in State aid cases - The latest from the Court of Justice of the European Union, Joana Christina Pedroso, Doctoral student in Tax Law, University of Gothenburg: The "arm's length principle" from a pluralistic perspective of EU law, Dr. Malgorzata Cyndecka, Associate Professor at the University of Bergen: The selectivity condition in tax cases - where de we stand? Introductory remarks, The recent case law - (even) less clarity? Maarten Aalbers, PhD candidate, Leiden School of Law, Leiden University and Dr. Henrik Skar, Postdoctoral Research Fellow at University of Bergen, Christian Jordal, Deputy Director, State Aid Unit, EFTA Surceillance Authority: The Norwegian cash refund of the tax value of petrolium exploration costs - the question of selectivity in practice. New Recovery Notice - old problems (with national legislation)?, Dr. Malgorzata Cyndecka, Associate Professor at University of Bergen schemes implemented under GBER, time limitations, etc. The full programme may be accessed here. 

Postdoctoral project

In 2019, I completed my postdoctoral project «Towards more stability, competitiveness and predictability in the financial sector», which was financed by the Norwegian Finansmarkedsfondet, (the Finance Market Fund). The Finance Market Fund is intended to contribute to increasing public understanding concerning financial markets, with particular emphasis on the functioning of financial markets, and also ethical issues.

The project resulted in a number of peer-reviewed scientific articles that were published in the European State Aid Law Quarterly, (Lexxion), the first pan-European publication for State aid law, recognized as the leading journal in its field today (see Cristin for the full list pf publications). I have also contributed to the second edition of the highly appraised "Research Handbook on European State Aid Law" edited by L Hancher & JJ Piernas López with a chapter “State aid and the financial sector: the crisis and beyond”, which will be published by Edward Elgar in 2020. My project also included workshops with international experts in the field of State aid law, both academics and practitioners, as well as a concluding conference "Offentlig oppgavetyveri?" during which the invited experts discussed competition between the private and public sectors. The conference was also linked to my contribution as a member of the Norwegian government’s external working group, "Competition on a level playing field", that analysed amongst others implicit guarantees and tax exemptions in favour of public entities and undertakings that compete with private market operators. In 2018, the Working Group submitted its report: Like konkurransevilkår for offentlige og private aktører.

Utdanning:

2015 PhD, Tittel på doktoravhandling: The Applicability and Application of the Market Economy Investor Principle

2008 60 poengs masteravhandling ved Det juridiske fakultet, Universitetet i Bergen (The Market Economy Investor Principle)

2007 Master of Arts ved Law and Administration Faculty, Nicolaus Copernicus Universitetet i Torun, Polen (General principles in Polish general administrative procedure)

2007 erasmusstudent ved Det juridiske fakultet, Universitetet i Bergen (to semestre)

2005 Master of Arts ved Instituttet for internasjonale relasjoner, Nicolaus Copernicus Universitetet i Torun, Polen (Norway’s attitude towards the process of European integration and the European Union)

2005 Lærerutdanning i samfunnsvitenskap ved Det pedagogiske fakultet, Nicolaus Copernicus Universitetet i Torun, Polen

 

Praksis:

2009 Advokatfirmaet Schjødt DA, Brussel, juridisk rådgiver (1. mars - 30. september)

2008- 2009 EU-kommisjonen, Directorate General for Competition, State aid unit (1. oktober-28. februar), Blue Book trainee