Endocrine Medicine Research Group

• Early Autoimmunity
• Autoimmune Mechanisms in Addison’s Disease
• Genetic Studies on Addison’s Disease
• Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1 (APS-1)
• Ultradian Rhythms and Hormonal Regulation
• Improved Treatment Strategies for Addison’s Disease
• Primary Hypoaldosteronism
• Autonomous Cortisol Secretion – A Cause of Metabolic Syndrome?
• Premature Ovarian Failure
• Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
• Registry-Based Studies on Addison’s Disease (Mortality and Crises)
• The Cortad Drug Study

Incidental finding of an adrenal tumor or thickening of the adrenal cortex is a common finding in imaging (CT and NMR) for unrelated problems. Theser are called adrenal incidentalomas and is found in around 5% of the adult population. Studies have shown that 5-30% of patients with incidentalomas have an eleveated secretion of the stress hormone cortisol foom the adrenals, knowns as autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS).

The degree of cortisol overproduction varies from lightly elevated to fulminant disease - also called Cushings syndrome. There is association between cortisol overproduction in ACS and metabolic complications such as elevated blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, overweight and osteoporosis. Several studies have also shown an increase in cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular related deaths in this patient group.

ACS diagnostics is difficult, as the diagnostic tests available have a high degree of uncertainty giving both false positive and false negative results. As such several tests has to be perfomed, sometimes even repeating the same test several times before a diagnosis can be confirmed or disproved. Today the diagnostics is mainly based on blood samples and dynamic adrenal testing, however going forwards steroid profiling (simultaneous measurements of precursors and metabolites of cortisolsynthesis) of blood and urine, and genetic analysis will be important additions of the examination.

Our knowledge of the implications of the long term effects of mild ACS is limited, as there are few studies with long term structured follow up of these patients. Cortisol has several effects on both gene expression and inflammation processes. Biopsies of fat with genetic evaluation and studies of inflammationmarkers in ACS patients compared with healthy controls will improve our understanding of the condition on a cellular level.

Treatmen of the condition is up for debate and usually there is a individual evaluation based on the patients own wishes and the metabolic complications. The treatment options are to surgically remove one or both of the adrenals, alternatively to monitor conservatively and treat only complications of the disease (intensive monitoring of blood pressure, glucose levels and hypercholesterolemi, and possibly wheight reduction).

Principal investigator: Grethe Ueland

Primary hyperaldosteronism is caused by overproduction of the hormone aldosterone from one or both adrenal glands, leading to elevated blood pressure. Primary hyperaldosteronism is the most common form of secondary hypertension, meaning elevated blood pressure with an underlying cause. The estimated prevalence is 5-15% of all people with hypertension. Untreated primary hyperaldosteronism carries a higher risk of cardiovascular and kidney complications than primary hypertension. Therefore, it is very important to get a correct diagnosis to receive the best possible treatment that both lowers blood pressure and reduces the risk of complications. However, many cases remain undetected. If aldosterone overproduction from one adrenal gland is detected, traditional surgical removal of the affected adrenal gland is recommended, while lifelong treatment with specific blood pressure medications, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, which inhibit the action of aldosterone in the body, is recommended for aldosterone overproduction from both adrenal glands.

Current research projects:

• Diagnosis and follow-up of primary hyperaldosteronism

This is an observational study that has included patients with primary hyperaldosteronism who are being investigated at Haukeland University Hospital since 2013. Today's investigation of primary hyperaldosteronism is resource-intensive and consists of many steps, often with medication adjustments beforehand. The study maps the prevalence, symptoms, and findings at the time of diagnosis, as well as the results of investigation and treatment. The aim of the study is to systematize, simplify, and improve diagnostics, and provide even better treatment for PHA. We are working to expand the study to include patients with primary hyperaldosteronism who are being investigated at Oslo University Hospital.

The study has so far shown that untreated primary hyperaldosteronism leads to thickened left heart muscle (left ventricular hypertrophy) in both women and men; Preclinical cardiac disease in women and men with primary aldosteronism - PubMed. The study has also shown that correct specific treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism leads to rapid improvement of thickened heart muscle and other heart damage, especially after adrenal surgery, but also with adequate doses of medical treatment. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of myocardial mass and fibrosis in primary aldosteronism - PubMed. Persistent cardiac organ damage in surgically and medically treated primary aldosteronism - PubMed.

Results from the project are also included in international publications for improved interpretation of the investigation procedure adrenal venous catheterization, Assessing Lateralization Index of Adrenal Venous Sampling for Surgical Indication in Primary Aldosteronism - PubMed, as well as in an expected imminent publication that maps differences in time from the start of investigation to the time of adrenal surgery among centers around the world.

• Aldosterone rhythm in primary hyperaldosteronism (ULTRADIAN study)

Hormones are secreted in a rhythmic pattern, with large variations in hormone levels throughout the day. Disturbances in the secretion of aldosterone and other adrenal hormones can therefore be difficult to detect in a single blood or urine sample. In this pilot study, we have used new microdialysis technology to measure levels of adrenal hormones in subcutaneous fluid throughout the day. The purpose of the study is to increase knowledge about variations in aldosterone and other adrenal hormones' rhythmic secretion throughout the day, both in healthy individuals and in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism. This knowledge can then be used to improve diagnostics in primary hyperaldosteronism and to map treatment effects after adrenal surgery. Results from healthy controls were published in 2023; High-resolution daily profiles of tissue adrenal steroids by portable automated collection - PubMed. Results from individuals with primary hyperaldosteronism have been analyzed and are expected to be published in 2025.

• Dynamic hormone profiling and multimodal data capture in primary hyperaldosteronism

This is a continuation of the ULTRADIAN study, where microdialysis technology is used to measure 24-hour hormone rhythms in tissue fluid from subcutaneous fat on the abdomen in primary hyperaldosteronism. 24-hour microdialysis can be performed in this study during diagnostic saline testing or medication use to increase knowledge about how these affect hormone rhythms. In the study, we will also map the relationship between hormone rhythms and blood pressure levels, pulse, tissue glucose, body temperature, sleep, and activity level. The study started in 2024.

Treatment with endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) compared to adrenal surgery in primary hyperaldosteronism

This is a pilot treatment study conducted at Haukeland University Hospital, where we are testing a completely new type of treatment with endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) of a lesion in the left adrenal gland, as an alternative to standard surgical treatment with removal of the entire left adrenal gland. This treatment is relevant for individuals with primary hyperaldosteronism where adrenal venous catheterization has shown lateralization of aldosterone overproduction to the left adrenal gland, as an alternative to surgery of the entire left adrenal gland. In some cases, we will also offer participation in the study to individuals where aldosterone overproduction is not clearly confined to the left adrenal gland, but where we expect that radiofrequency ablation treatment can reduce hormone overproduction and improve blood pressure. The study is conducted in close collaboration with gastroenterologists (gastrointestinal specialists) and adrenal surgeons at Haukeland University Hospital.

Primary Investigator: Marianne Grytaas

We know that the immune system of patients with Addison's disease attacks the hormone-producing cells of the adrenal cortex and that the adrenal cortex is invaded by T and B lymphocytes.

Still, we lack knowledge about why this attack is occurring. What initiates it? How are the adrenocortical cells destroyed?

As for most autoimmune diseases, Addison’s disease is presumed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The genetic ones are by far the best described, with most genetic risk factors identified to date being active in T and B lymphocytes.

To what target in the adrenal cortex are these lymphocytes reacting? We know that almost all patients with autoimmune Addison’s disease have antibodies directed against an enzyme almost exclusively expressed in the adrenal cortex. This enzyme is called 21-hydroxylase and plays a key role in the synthesis of vital steroid hormones like cortisol and aldosterone. Patients also have T lymphocytes recognizing this enzyme.

It is suspected that a subgroup of T lymphocytes, the so-called cytotoxic T lymphocytes, actually kills and destroys the hormone-producing cells of the adrenal cortex in a highly selective manner. For a decade, we have studied these T lymphocytes in order to detect, isolate, and characterize them. A key part of this work is identifying the specific peptides derived from 21-hydroxylase that are presented on HLA molecules and recognized by autoreactive T cells. Mapping these epitopes will help us understand the precise immune targets and may open the door to antigen-specific therapies.

If successful in understanding these mechanisms, we will not only gain increased insight into the processes leading to autoimmune Addison’s disease, but also be granted the opportunity to test new treatments and drugs targeted to halt or possibly even reverse the disease.

Perhaps this increased insight into autoimmune Addison’s disease can also be valuable for understanding other autoimmune diseases.

In a project that began in 2017 as a KG Jebsen Center collaboration between the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm and the Department of Clinical Medicine at the University of Bergen, several large-scale genetic studies are being conducted on patients with Addison’s disease. The goal is to gain deeper insight into which genetic variants increase the risk of developing Addison’s disease and why some families show a strong clustering of autoimmune disorders.

• Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS)

Although most of the human genome is identical from person to person, we all carry numerous small individual differences known as “variants.” Most of these variants have no biological impact, but some can increase susceptibility to diseases such as Addison’s disease. GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Study) is a method that allows researchers to analyze variants across the entire genome in a single experiment and examine how these variants are associated with traits, such as disease.

To achieve sufficient statistical power to identify new genetic risk factors, we combined the Norwegian and Swedish Addison registries through the KG Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Diseases. In the first GWAS for Addison’s disease, we compared more than 1,600 patients with 4,400 healthy controls. The initial results, received in 2018, revealed several previously unknown associations. These findings are being prepared for publication.

• Other Genetic Studies

Autoimmune diseases affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide and collectively rank among the leading causes of morbidity, chronic illness, and death. Autoimmunity targeting the thyroid gland, pancreas, gastric mucosa, and adrenal cortex accounts for more than half of all organ-specific autoimmune conditions in the U.S. and Europe. Many patients suffer from two or more of these diseases, and clustering within families is common. The prevailing theory is that most of these conditions result from the combined effects of unfavorable variants in multiple genes interacting with environmental factors. However, the genetic factors identified so far explain only a fraction of the heritability.

Much research has focused on the impact of common genetic variants—those occurring in at least 5% of the population. Our hypothesis is that the “missing heritability” is due to rare variants in individual genes, with each family carrying its own unique variant. Therefore, we have also performed comprehensive whole-genome analyses of families with a high incidence of autoimmune diseases and patients with unusually early onset of Addison’s disease. We aim to use these genetic findings to further investigate disease mechanisms and develop new diagnostic tools and personalized treatments for Addison’s disease.

Our immune system is the body’s defense against bacteria, viruses, and other foreign invaders. A key part of this defense is T cells, which patrol the body and recognize foreign substances. For the immune system to function properly, T cells must learn to distinguish between the body’s own cells and what is foreign. If they attack the body’s own organs, autoimmune disease occurs. This ability to tolerate the body’s own proteins is called immunological tolerance.

T cells mature in a small organ called the thymus, located behind the breastbone. Here, they undergo a “training round” where they learn the difference between the body’s own proteins and foreign substances. Only T cells that do not react to the body’s own proteins are allowed to enter the bloodstream.

• AIRE – The Immune System’s Teacher

A key player in this process is the protein AIRE (autoimmune regulator). AIRE acts as a “gene switch” in the thymus and turns on genes that are normally active only in specific organs, such as the pancreas or adrenal glands. For example, AIRE activates the insulin gene so that T cells can see this protein during training. If a T cell reacts to insulin, it is eliminated. In this way, AIRE prevents T cells that attack the body’s own organs from escaping into circulation.

• When AIRE Fails

If AIRE does not function, these organ-specific proteins are not displayed in the thymus. As a result, T cells that attack self-proteins can escape and trigger an autoimmune reaction. Mutations in the AIRE gene cause autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1), a rare but serious condition. Untreated, APS-1 can lead to early death. The disease often begins with chronic fungal infections in childhood, followed by adrenal insufficiency and hypoparathyroidism. Most patients develop multiple autoimmune diseases in addition to these main features.

APS-1 is unique because mutations in a single gene can trigger widespread autoimmunity. Studies of AIRE and APS-1 have provided fundamental insights into how immunological tolerance is established—and how its breakdown leads to disease.

• New Knowledge: AIRE Dosage and Phenotype

Recent research shows that the amount of AIRE produced in the thymus can influence disease severity. Dominant mutations in AIRE can create a “dose effect,” where reduced AIRE function does not cause full APS-1 but results in a milder autoimmune phenotype with increased risk for certain diseases. This raises new questions: Can we predict disease risk based on AIRE activity? Could we one day modulate AIRE function to prevent autoimmunity?

• Our Research Project

Through our national registry, ROAS (Registry for Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases), we have one of the world’s largest collections of biological material from APS-1 patients. We use this to:

• Map how different AIRE mutations affect the immune system.
• Study the link between AIRE dosage and disease phenotype.
• Explore new diagnostic methods and potential treatments.

Our goal is to understand the mechanisms behind autoimmune disease—and ultimately develop personalized therapies.

Project Leader: Bergithe Eikeland Oftedal

Menopause typically occurs around the age of 50, when the ovaries reduce their production of female sex hormones, ovulation ceases, and menstruation stops. When ovarian failure occurs before the age of 40—sometimes as early as the teenage years—it is called premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). This affects about 1% of all women. The consequences can be severe, especially for women who wish to become pregnant. Hormonal changes, including reduced estrogen production, also increase the risk of conditions usually seen in older women, such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.

• New Research Center

Our studies will be strengthened in the coming years through the establishment of a new Driv Research Center, funded by the University of Bergen and Trond Mohn. The center is dedicated to investigating autoimmune mechanisms underlying endocrine disorders such as Addison’s disease and premature ovarian insufficiency. It will integrate advanced genetic analyses, immunological profiling, and environmental factor mapping to uncover disease mechanisms and develop personalized treatment strategies. This initiative represents an important step toward understanding why certain families experience clustering of autoimmune diseases and how these conditions can be better diagnosed and treated.

• Causes and Consequences of Spontaneous Primary Ovarian Insufficiency

Diagnostic work-up for these women has traditionally been sporadic and limited, leaving the underlying cause unknown in most cases. By systematizing evaluation and introducing new diagnostic tools—such as NGS-based gene panel analysis, protein arrays, and environmental toxin screening—we aim to achieve higher diagnostic precision.

• Effect of Immunomodulatory Therapy on Gonadal Function

Some women with autoimmune ovarian insufficiency will be offered immunotherapy. We plan to study the effect of Rituximab, an immunomodulatory drug, in patients with autoimmune POI. By performing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation before and four months after treatment, we will investigate whether Rituximab can improve ovarian response and potentially restore ovulation and fertility.

This project is a collaboration with Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm.

• Hypogonadism in Women with Addison’s Disease

Autoimmunity affecting multiple endocrine organs is common. The prevalence of primary ovarian insufficiency is reported to be 10–20% in women with Addison’s disease and 50–70% in women with APS-1. In this study, we aim to characterize women with Addison’s disease registered in ROAS regarding prevalence of hypogonadism, type (primary/secondary, adrenal/gonadal), autoimmune status, clinical characteristics, and current medication (via prescription registry).

Project Leader: Elinor Chelsom Vogt

Here we have compiled all articles published by authors from the Endocrine Medicine Research Group, sorted by year of publishing. In addition, we highlight what we consider the group's most important contributions to the scientific field

Autoimmune amelogenesis imperfecta in patients with APS-1 and coeliac disease

Yael Gruper, Anette S. B. Wolff et al. Nature, 2023 Nov 22

This study shows that patients with APS-1 and coeliac disease often develop IgA autoantibodies against ameloblast-specific proteins, disrupting enamel formation and leading to a new autoimmune enamel defect.

Adrenal insufficiency

Husebye E et al. The Lancet, 2021 Feb 13;397(10274):613-629

A comprehensive review on the diagnosis and treatment of Addison’s disease published in one of the most prestigious medical journals.

Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes

Husebye E et al. N Engl J Med, 2018; 378:1132-1141

A detailed review of autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes in the New England Journal of Medicine.

GWAS for autoimmune Addison's disease identifies multiple risk loci and highlights AIRE in disease susceptibility

Eriksson D, Røyrvik E et al. Nature Communications, 2021

The first genome-wide association study on Addison’s disease, identifying several strong genetic signals.

Dominant mutations in the autoimmune regulator AIRE are associated with common organ-specific autoimmune diseases

Oftedal BE et al. Immunity, 2015

Shows that single mutations in AIRE predispose individuals to common autoimmune diseases like vitiligo and pernicious anemia.

Loss of AIRE exon 7 yields a milder phenotype supporting a dose dependent effect of AIRE in APS-1

Oftedal BE et al. J Clin Invest, 2023

Describes a milder APS-1 variant linked to a partially functional AIRE protein, suggesting a dose-dependent effect.

Additional Key Publications

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• Radioimmunoassay for autoantibodies against interferon omega – Oftedal BE et al. Clin Immunol, 2008

Developed a diagnostic assay for APS-1 by detecting autoantibodies against interferon omega, now used clinically.

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• T cell responses to steroid cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase – Bratland E et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2009

First study to demonstrate T-cell responses against 21-hydroxylase in autoimmune adrenal insufficiency.

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• Peripheral Blood Cells from Patients with Autoimmune Addison's Disease Poorly Respond to Interferons In Vitro – Edvardsen K et al. J Interferon Cytokine Res, 2015

Revealed impaired innate immune responses in Addison’s patients, possibly linked to genetic variants in PTPN22.

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• The effect of types I and III interferons on adrenocortical cells – Hellesen A et al. Clin Exp Immunol, 2014

Demonstrated how adrenocortical cells may contribute to their own destruction in autoimmune Addison’s disease.

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• A Longitudinal Follow-up of Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1 – Bruserud Ø et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2016

Described clinical features, autoantibody profiles, and AIRE mutations in one of the largest APS-1 cohorts.

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• AIRE-Deficient Patients Harbor Unique High-Affinity Disease-Ameliorating Autoantibodies) – Meyer S et al. Cell, 2016

Identified autoantibodies in APS-1 patients that may protect against type 1 diabetes, suggesting a novel immune role.

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• Anti-interferon autoantibodies in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 – Meager A et al. PLoS Med, 2006

First report of interferon-targeting autoantibodies in APS-1, explaining susceptibility to viral and fungal infections.

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• Clinical, immunological, and genetic features of autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency – Erichsen MM et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2009

In-depth characterization of Norwegian Addison’s patients, forming one of the best-described cohorts worldwide.

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• Multiple loci in the HLA complex are associated with Addison's disease – Skinningsrud B et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011

First detailed analysis of HLA associations with Addison’s disease, identifying multiple genetic risk loci.

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• Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in APECED or thymoma patients correlates with autoimmunity to Th17-associated cytokines – Wolff AB, Kisand K et al. J Exp Med, 2010

Explained APS-1 patients’ susceptibility to fungal infections through autoantibodies against IL-17, IL-17F, and IL-22.

1. Anti-perilipin-1 autoantibodies in autoimmune Addison's disease and related endocrine disorders.
   Rahman MO, Sulen A, Breivik L, Appel S, Anderson MS, Oftedal BE, Wolff ASB, Husebye ES.
   Autoimmunity. 2025 Dec;58(1):2461703. doi: 10.1080/08916934.2025.2461703. Epub 2025 Feb 19.
    
2. Extended-release Hydrocortisone Formulations-Is There a Clinically Meaningful Benefit?
   Steintorsdottir SD, Øksnes M, Jørgensen AP, Husebye ES.
   J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Feb 18;110(3):e566-e573. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgae822.
    
3. Utility of Salivary Cortisol and Cortisone in the Diagnostics of Adrenal Insufficiency.
   Kvam Hellan K, Lyngstad M, Methlie P, Løvås K, Husebye ES, Ueland GÅ.
   J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Apr 22;110(5):1218-1223. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgae486.
    
4. Longitudinal Immune Profiling in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1.
   Kucuka I, Iraji D, Braun S, Breivik L, Wolff ASB, Husebye ES, Oftedal BE.
   Scand J Immunol. 2025 Apr;101(4):e70021. doi: 10.1111/sji.70021.
    
5. Mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid alterations in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
   Fossdal G, Braadland P, Hov JR, Husebye ES, Folseraas T, Ueland PM, Ulvik A, Karlsen TH, Berge RK, Vesterhus M.Scand 
   J Gastroenterol. 2025 Feb;60(2):165-173. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2024.2447521. Epub 2025 Jan 7.
    
6. High-resolution transcriptional impact of AIRE: effects of pathogenic variants p.Arg257Ter, p.Cys311Tyr, and polygenic risk variant p.Arg471Cys.
   Berger AH, Oftedal BE, Wolff ASB, Husebye ES, Knappskog PM, Bratland E, Johansson S.
   Front Immunol. 2025 Apr 22;16:1572789. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1572789. eCollection 2025.
    
7. Extended-release Hydrocortisone Formulations-Is There a Clinically Meaningful Benefit?
   Steintorsdottir SD, Øksnes M, Jørgensen AP, Husebye ES. 
   J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Feb 18;110(3):e566-e573.
    
8. EndoCompass Project: Research Roadmap for Adrenal and Cardiovascular Endocrinology
   Husebye ES, Assié G, Krone N, Achermann JC, Altieri B, Amar L, Araujo-Castro M, Brown MJ, Casey RT, Claahsen-van der Grinten HL, Davies E, Deinum J, Flück CE, Kastelan D, Kroiss M, Mulatero P, Laakso S, Pearce SH, Reincke M, Reisch N, Robledo M, Ronchi CL, Vassiliadi DA, Wiegering V, Zennaro MC.
   Horm Res Paediatr. 2025 Nov 27:1-13. doi: 10.1159/000549146
    
9. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Endocrinopathies-Insights From 3 Unusual Cases
   Husebye ES
   JCEM Case Rep. 2025 Oct 24;3(11):luaf238. doi: 10.1210/jcemcr/luaf238
    
10. Cushing's disease in Western Norway Regional Health Authority
    Amland IM, Løvås K, Lund-Johansen M, Husebye ES, Mahesparan R, Ueland GÅ
    Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2025 Aug 12;145(9)
     
11. Exploring tear fluid biomarkers and the ocular surface in thyroid eye disease
    Neset MT, Nilsen RM, Løvås K, Halsøy K, Reikvam H, Stokland AM, Ueland GÅ, Wolff ASB, Aass HCD, Reppe S, Husebye ES, Rødahl E, Utheim TP, Ueland HO.
    Acta Ophthalmol. 2025 Jul 7. doi: 10.1111/aos.17556.
     
12. Aire Mutations and Autoimmune Diseases
    Wolff ASB, Oftedal BE.
    Adv Exp Med Biol. 2025:1471:223-246. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-77921-3_8.
     
13. Editorial: Exploring autoimmune diseases and endocrine crosstalk
    Wolff ASB, Antonelli A.
    Front Immunol. 2025 Oct 9;16:1709567. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1709567
     
14. High-resolution transcriptional impact of AIRE: effects of pathogenic variants p.Arg257Ter, p.Cys311Tyr, and polygenic risk variant p.Arg471Cys.
    Berger AH, Oftedal BE, Wolff ASB, Husebye ES, Knappskog PM, Bratland E, Johansson S. Front Immunol. 2025 Apr 22;16:1572789. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1572789.
     
15. Optimizing monocyte-derived immune cell cultures: comparing xeno-free and xenogeneic conditions.
    Marek N, Wolff ASB, Dongre HN, Suliman S. 
    Front Immunol. 2025 Oct 8;16:1589553. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1589553.
     
16. Immune cell subsets in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I.
    Islam S, Oftedal BE, Gjerdevik M, Breivik L, Røyrvik EC, Lima K, Jørgensen AP, Nwakwuo I, Skavland J, Husebye ES, Wolff ASB.
    Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 4;15(1):28398. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12634-y.
     
17. Awakening not associated with an increased rate of cortisol secretion. 
    Klaas S, Upton TJ, Zavala E, Lawton M, Bensing S, Berinder K, Botusan I, Grytaas M, Methlie P, Øksnes M, Russell G, Vassiliadi DA, Lightman SL. 
    Proc Biol Sci. 2025 Jan;292(2038):20241844. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2024.1844. 
     
18. Multi-disciplinary treatment of broncho-esophageal fistula in a high-risk single-lung patient.
    Haaverstad R, Ovrebo K, Sandvik L, Seland H, Husebø GR, Ellensen VS, Farstad M, Strandenes E, Sharma R, Øksnes M, Storesund AK, Kolseth SM. 
    J Cardiothorac Surg. 2025 Jan 11;20(1):61. doi: 10.1186/s13019-024-03287-5. 

1. European Society of Endocrinology and Endocrine Society Joint Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and therapy of glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency. 
   Beuschlein F, Else T, Bancos I, Hahner S, Hamidi O, van Hulsteijn L, Husebye ES, Karavitaki N, Prete A, Vaidya A, Yedinak C, Dekkers OM.
   Co-published in JCEM and EJE,  Volume 215, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 47–57,
    
2. Utility of salivary cortisol and cortisone in the diagnostics of adrenal insufficiency.
   Kvam Hellan K, Lyngstad M, Methlie P, Løvås K, Husebye ES, Ueland GÅ.
   J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024 Jul 12:dgae486. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgae486
    
3. Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Alemtuzumab-Induced Graves Disease.
   Ueland GÅ, Ueland HO, Stokland AM, Bhan A, Schønberg A, Sollid ST, Morgas DE, Holmøy T, Lima K, Methlie P, Løvås K, Torkildsen Ø, Husebye ES.
   J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024 Jan 18;109(2):344-350
    
4. Corticosteroid rhythms in hypoparathyroid patients.
   Astor MC, Løvås K, Methlie P, Simunkova K, Assmus J, Husebye ES.
   Eur J Endocrinol. 2024 Aug 30;191(3):271-278. doi: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae102.
    
5. Rare Copy Number Variant Analysis in Case-Control Studies Using SNP Array Data: A Scalable and Automated Data Analysis Pipeline. Haydee Artaza, Ksenia Lavrichenko, Anette S.B. Wolff, Ellen C. Røyrvik, Marc Vaudel, Stefan Johansson.
   BMC Bioinformatics 25, 357 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-024-05979-0
    
6. Decreased T cell response against latent cytomegalovirus infection does not correlate with anti-IFN autoantibodies in patients with APECED.
   Hetemäki, Iivo; Heikkilä, Nelli; Peterson, Pärt; Kekäläinen, Eliisa; Willcox, Nick; Wolff, Anette Susanne Bøe; Jarva, H.; Arstila, Petteri.
   APMIS. 2024; 132: 881–887. IF: 3.4. http://doi.org/10.1111/apm.13458
    
7. Rare copy number variation in autoimmune Addison’s disease.
   Haydee Artazaa, Daniel Eriksson, Ksenia Lavrichenko, Eirik Bratland, Marc Vaudel, Per Knappskog, Sophie Bensing, Maribel Aranda-Guillén, Sophie Bensing, Anette S.B. Wolff, Olle Kämpe, Ellen Røyrvik, Stefan Johansson.
   Front. Immunol. 2024; 15:1374499. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374499. IF 7.3.
    
8. Single cell characterization of blood and expanded regulatory T cells in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1. 
   Thea Sjøgren, Shahinul Islam#, Igor Filippov#, Adrianna Jebrzycka, André Sulen, Lars E. Breivik, Alexander Hellesen, Anders P. Jørgensen, Kari Lima, Liina Tserel, Kai Kisand, Pärt Peterson, Annamari Ranki, Eystein S. Husebye, Bergithe E. Oftedal, Anette S. B. Wolff.
   iScience 27, 109610 April 19, 2024. IF 5.8. DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109610
    
9. Interferon autoantibodies as signals of a sick thymus. 
   Bergithe E. Oftedal, Thea Sjøgren and Anette S. B. Wolff (*). Review. 
   Front Immunol. 2024 Feb 22;15:1327784. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1327784. IF 7.3.
    
10. Regulatory T cells in autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency.
    Thea Sjøgren, Jan-Inge Bjune, Eystein S. Husebye, Bergithe E. Oftedal, Anette S. B. Wolff (*).
    Clin Exp Immunol. 2024 Jan; 215(1): 47–57. DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad087 (*). IF 4.6.

1. Loss of AIRE exon 7 yields a milder phenotype supporting a dose dependent effect of AIRE in 1 Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1. 
   Bergithe Eikeland Oftedal, Amund Holte Berger#, Øyvind Bruserud, Yael Goldfarb, Andre Sulen, Lars Breivik, Alexander Hellesen, Shifra Ben-Dor, Rebecca Haffner-Krausz, Per Knappskog, Stefan Johansson, Anette Bøe Wolff, Eirik Bratland, Jakub Abramson, Eystein Sverre Husebye. 
   Journal of clinical investigation. 2023 Nov 1; 133(21):
    
2. Autoimmune amelogenesis imperfecta in patients with APS-1 and coeliac disease
   Yael Gruper, Anette S. B. Wolff, Liad Glanz, Frantisek Spoutil, Mihaela Cuida Marthinussen, Adriana Osičková, Yonatan Herzig, Yael Goldfarb, Goretti Aranaz-Novaliches, Jan Dobeš, Noam Kadouri, Osher Ben-Nun, Amit Binyamin, Bar Lavi, Tal Givony, Razi Khalaila, Tom Gome, Tomáš Wald, Blanka Mrazkova, Carmel Sochen, Marine Besnard, Shifra Ben-Dor, Ester Feldmesser, Elisaveta M. Orlova, Csaba Hegedűs, István Lampé, Tamás Papp, Szabolcs Felszeghy, Radislav Sedlacek, Esti Davidovich, Noa Tal, Dror S. Shouval, Raanan Shamir, Carole Guillonneau, Zsuzsa Szondy, Knut E. A. Lundin, Radim Osička, Jan Prochazka, Eystein S. Husebye, & Jakub Abramson
   Nature. 2023 Nov 22
    
3. Improving diagnostic precision in primary ovarian insufficiency using comprehensive genetic and autoantibody testing.
   Elinor Chelsom Vogt, Eirik Bratland, Siren Berland, Ragnhild Berentsen, Agnethe Lund, Sigridur Björnsdottir, Eystein Husebye, Marianne Øksnes
   Hum Reprod. 2023 Nov 9:dead233.
    
4. Vaccination prevents severe COVID-19 outcome in patients with neutralizing type 1 interferon autoantibodies
   Anette S B Wolff, Lena Hansen, Marianne Aa Grytaas, Bergithe E Oftedal, Lars Breivik, Fan Zhou, Karl Ove Hufthammer, Thea Sjøgren, Jan Stefan Olofsson, Mai Chi Trieu, Anthony Meager, Anders P Jørgensen, Kari Lima, Kristin Greve-Isdahl Mohn, Nina Langeland, Rebecca Jane Cox, Eystein S Husebye
   iScience. 2023 Jul 21;26(7):107084. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107084. Epub 2023 Jun 9.
    
5. Substantial changes in inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with autonomous cortisol secretion
   Grethe Å Ueland, Paal Methlie, Anette Heie, Ann-Elin Meling Stokland, Anne Lise Dahle, Åse B Sævik, Kristian Løvås, Eystein S Husebye
   Eur J Endocrinol . 2023 Jul 20;189(1):78-86. doi: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad076.
    
6. Approach to the patient: Diagnosis of primary adrenal insufficiency in adults
   Marianne Øksnes, Eystein S Husebye
   J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 2023 Jul 14:dgad402. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad402.
    
7. Outcomes of Patients With Graves Disease 25 Years After Initiating Antithyroid Drug Therapy
   Ann-Elin Meling Stokland, Marie Austdal, Bjørn Gunnar Nedrebø, Siri Carlsen, Hanne Brit Hetland, Lars Breivik, Hans Olav Ueland, Torquil Watt, Per Karkov Cramon, Kristian Løvås, Eystein Sverre Husebye, Grethe Åstrøm Ueland
   J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Sep 25:dgad538. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad538.
    
8. A polygenic risk score to help discriminate primary adrenal insufficiency of different etiologies.
   Aranda-Guillén M, Røyrvik EC, Fletcher-Sandersjöö S, Artaza H, Botusan IR, Grytaas MA, Hallgren Å, Breivik L, Pettersson M, Jørgensen AP, Lindstrand A, Vogt E; Norwegian Addison Registry Study Group, The Swedish Addison Registry Study Group; Husebye ES, Kämpe O, Wolff ASB, Bensing S, Johansson S, Eriksson D.
   J Intern Med. 2023 May 8. doi: 10.1111/joim.13649.
    
9. Prevalence, risk factors, clinical and biochemical characteristics of Alemtuzumab-induced Graves' disease
   Grethe Åstrøm Ueland, Hans Olav Ueland, Ann-Elin Meling Stokland, Alok Bhan, Anne Schønberg, Stina T Sollid, Dina Edvarda Morgas , Trygve Holmøy, Kari Lima, Paal Methlie, Kristian Løvås, Øivind Torkildsen, Eystein S Husebye  
   J Clin Endocrinol Metab.  Sep :dgad.
    
10. Dominant-negative heterozygous mutations in AIRE confer diverse autoimmune phenotypes
    Bergithe E Oftedal, Kristian Assing, Safa Baris, Stephanie L Safgren, Isik S Johansen, Marianne Antonius Jakobsen, Dusica Babovic-Vuksanovic, Katherine Agre, Eric W Klee, Emina Majcic , Elise M N Ferré , Monica M Schmitt, Tom DiMaggio, Lindsey B Rosen , Muhammad Obaidur Rahman, Dionisios Chrysis, Aristeidis Giannakopoulos , Maria Tallon Garcia, Luis Ignacio González-Granado, Katherine Stanley, Jessica Galant-Swafford, Pim Suwannarat, Isabelle Meyts, Michail S Lionakis, Eystein S Husebye
    iScience. 2023 May 5;26(6):106818.
     
11. Systemic interferon type I and B cell responses are impaired in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1.
    Oftedal BE, Delaleu N, Dolan D, Meager A, Husebye ES, Wolff ASB.
    FEBS Lett. 2023 May;597(9):1261-1274. doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.14625.
     
12. Systemic Activation of the Kynurenine Pathway in Graves` Disease with and without Ophthalmopathy.
    Ueland HO, Ulvik A, Løvås K, Wolff ASB, Breivik LE, Meling Stokland AE, Rødahl E, Nilsen RM, Husebye E, Ueland GÅ.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Jan 6
     
13. Self-management and hospitalization in 615 Swedish patients with Addison's disease during the COVID-19 pandemic - a retrospective study.
    Öster S, Esposito D, Aranda-Guillén M, Åkerman AK, Wahlberg J, Husebye ES, Kämpe O, Botusan IR, Dahlqvist P, Bergthorsdottir R, Bensing S.
    Eur J Endocrinol. 2023 Jan 31
     
14. Outcome of COVID-19 infections in patients with adrenal insufficiency and excess.
    Nowotny HF, Bryce J, Ali SR, Giordano R, Baronio F, Chifu I, Tschaidse L, Cools M, Van den Akker ELT, Falhammar H, Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Persani L, Beccuti G, Ross IL, Grozinsky-Glasberg S, Pereira AM, Husebye ES, Hahner S, Ahmed SF, Reisch N.
    Endocr Connect. 2023 Jan 1:EC-22-0416.
     
15. Autoantibodies to Perilipin-1 Define a Subset of Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy. 
    Mandel-Brehm C, Vazquez SE, Liverman C, Cheng M, Quandt Z, Kung AF, Parent A, Miao B, Disse E, Cugnet-Anceau C, Dalle S, Orlova E, Frolova E, Alba D, Michels A, Oftedal BE, Lionakis MS, Husebye ES, Agarwal AK, Li X, Zhu C, Li Q, Oral E, Brown R, Anderson MS, Garg A, DeRisi JL.
    Diabetes. 2023 Jan 1;72(1):59-70.
     
16. Pulsatile Subcutaneous Hydrocortisone Replacement in Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
    Simunkova K, Løvås K, Methlie P, Jovanovic N, Bifulco E, Bronstad I, Lightman SL, Husebye ES, Oksnes M.
    Horm Metab Res. 2023 May 12. doi: 10.1055/a-2092-5228
     
17. Plasma-Metanephrines in Patients with Autoimmune Addison’s Disease with and without Residual Adrenocortical Function
    Anna-Karin Åkerman, Åse Bjorvatn Sævik, Per Medbøe Thorsby, Paal Methlie, Marcus Quinkler, Anders Palmstrøm Jørgensen, Charlotte Höybye, Aleksandra J. Debowska, Bjørn Gunnar Nedrebø, Anne Lise Dahle, Siri Carlsen, Aneta Tomkowicz, Stina Therese Sollid, Ingrid Nermoen, Kaja Grønning, Per Dahlqvist, Guri Grimnes, Jakob Skov, Trine Finnes, Jeanette Wahlberg,
    Synnøve Emblem Holte, Katerina Simunkova, Olle Kämpe, Eystein Sverre Husebye, Marianne Øksnes and Sophie Bensing
    J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(10), 3602
     
18. Th17 cells: Orchestrators of mucosal inflammation and potential therapeutic targets. 
    Dorsa Iraji, Bergithe E.Oftedal, Anette S. B. Wolff
    Critical reviews in immunology. DOI 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.2023050360.
     
19. Autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency -current diagnostic approaches and future perspectives
    Anette S. B. Wolff, Isil Kucuka and Bergithe E. Oftedal
    Frontiers Endocrinology. 2023 Nov Volume 14 - 2023
     
20. Adrenal Venous Sampling and Primary Aldosteronism: in Search of the Perfect Denominator.
    Grytaas MA, Løvås K.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Nov 17;108(12):e1745-e1746
     
21. Diabetic ketoacidosis with SGLT2 inhibitor use - a patient series.
    Lejlic S, Holmaas G, Løvås K, Ueland GÅ.
    Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2023 Feb 20;143(3).
     
22. International multicenter survey on screening and confirmatory testing in primary aldosteronism.
    Naruse M, Murakami M, Katabami T, Kocjan T, Parasiliti-Caprino M, Quinkler M, St-Jean M, O'Toole S, Ceccato F, Kraljevic I, Kastelan D, Tsuiki M, Deinum J, Torre EM, Puar T, Markou A, Piaditis G, Laycock K, Wada N, Grytaas MA, Kobayashi H, Tanabe A, Tong CV, Gallego NV, Gruber S, Beuschlein F, Kürzinger L, Sukor N, Azizan EABA, Ragnarsson O, Nijhoff MF, Maiolino G, Dalmazi GD, Kalugina V, Lacroix A, Furnica RM, Suzuki T
    Eur J Endocrinol. 2023 Jan 10;188(1):lvac002
     
23. Persistent cardiac organ damage in surgically and medically treated primary aldosteronism.
    Aune A, Gerdts E, Kokorina M, Kringeland E, Midtbø H, Løvås K, Grytaas MA.
    J Hypertens. 2022 Jun 1;40(6):1204-1211
     
24. Cardiometabolic Disease Burden and Steroid Excretion in Benign Adrenal Tumors : A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study.
    Prete A, Subramanian A, Bancos I, Chortis V, Tsagarakis S, Lang K, Macech M, Delivanis DA, Pupovac ID, Reimondo G, Marina LV, Deutschbein T, Balomenaki M, O'Reilly MW, Gilligan LC, Jenkinson C, Bednarczuk T, Zhang CD, Dusek T, Diamantopoulos A, Asia M, Kondracka A, Li D, Masjkur JR, Quinkler M, Ueland GÅ, Dennedy MC, Beuschlein F, Tabarin A, Fassnacht M, Ivović M, Terzolo M, Kastelan D, Young WF Jr, Manolopoulos KN, Ambroziak U, Vassiliadi DA, Taylor AE, Sitch AJ, Nirantharakumar K, Arlt W; ENSAT EURINE-ACT Investigators*; ENSAT EURINE-ACT Investigators.
    Ann Intern Med. 2022 Mar;175(3):325-334.
     
25. Molecular Biomarkers in Thyroid Eye Disease: A Literature Review.
    Ueland HO, Neset MT, Methlie P, Ueland GÅ, Pakdel F, Rødahl E.
    Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2023 Dec 1;39(6S):S19-S28.
     
26. Diabetes Distress and Associations With Demographic and Clinical Variables: A Nationwide Population-Based Registry Study of 10,186 Adults With Type 1 Diabetes in Norway.
    Hernar I, Cooper JG, Nilsen RM, Skinner TC, Strandberg RB, Iversen MM, Graue M, Ernes T, Løvaas KF, Madsen TV, Lie SS, Richards DA, Ueland GÅ, Haugstvedt A.
    Diabetes Care. 2023 Nov 3:dc231001.
     
27. Intensified follow-up of patients with type 1 diabetes and poor glycaemic control: a multicentre quality improvement collaborative based on data from the Norwegian Diabetes Register for Adults.
    Vonheim Madsen T, Cooper JG, Carlsen S, Loevaas K, Rekdal M, Igland J, Sandberg S, Ueland GÅ, Iversen MM, Sølvik U.
    BMJ Open Qual. 2023 Jun;12(2):e002099
     
28. Periodontitis in obese adults with and without metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study.
    Nilsen A, Thorsnes A, Lie SA, Methlie P, Bunaes DF, Reinholtsen KK, Leknes KN.
    BMC Oral Health. 2023 Jul 1;23(1):439.

1. Screening patients with autoimmune endocrine disorders for cytokine autoantibodies reveals monogenic immune deficiencies.
   Sjøgren T, Bratland E, Røyrvik EC, Grytaas MA, Benneche A, Knappskog PM, Kämpe O, Oftedal BE, Husebye ES, Wolff ASB.
   J Autoimmun. 2022 Sep 30;133:102917
    
2. Endocrine-related adverse conditions in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibition: an ESE clinical practice guideline.
   Husebye ES, Castinetti F, Criseno S, Curigliano G, Decallonne B, Fleseriu M, Higham CE, Lupi I, Paschou SA, Toth M, van der Kooij M, Dekkers OM.
   Eur J Endocrinol. 2022 Oct 25;187(6):G1-G21.
    
3. Prenatal dexamethasone treatment for classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency in Europe. 
   Nowotny H, Neumann U, Tardy-Guidollet V, Ahmed SF, Baronio F, Battelino T, Bertherat J, Blankenstein O, Bonomi M, Bouvattier C, Brac de la Perrière A, Brucker S, Cappa M, Chanson P, Claahsen-van der Grinten HL, Colao A, Cools M, Davies JH, Dörr HG, Fenske WK, Ghigo E, Giordano R, Gravholt CH, Huebner A, Husebye ES, Igbokwe R, Juul A, Kiefer FW, Léger J, Menassa R, Meyer G, Neocleous V, Phylactou LA, Rohayem J, Russo G, Scaroni C, Touraine P, Unger N, Vojtková J, Yeste D, Lajic S, Reisch N.
   Eur J Endocrinol. 2022 Mar 23;186(5):K17-K24
    
4. Adrenal steroid profiling as a diagnostic tool to differentiate polycystic ovary syndrome from nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia: pinpointing easy screening possibilities and normal cutoff levels using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. 
   Ueland GÅ, Dahl SR, Methlie P, Hessen S, Husebye ES, Thorsby PM.
   Fertil Steril. 2022 Aug;118(2):384-391.
    
5. Pregnancy Outcome in Women With APECED (APS-1): A Multicenter Study on 43 Females With 83 Pregnancies. 
   Saila Laakso, Elina Holopainen, Corrado Betterle, Viivi Saari, Elinor Vogt, Monica M Schmitt, Karen K Winer, Maria Kareva, Chiara Sabbadin, Eystein S Husebye, Elizaveta Orlova, Michail S Lionakis and Outi Mäkitie.
   J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Feb; 107(2): e528–e537
    
6. The genetics of autoimmune Addison disease: past, present and future.
   Røyrvik EC, Husebye ES.
   Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022 Jul;18(7):399-412
    
7. Novel inflammatory biomarkers in thyroid eye disease.
   Ueland HO, Ueland GÅ, Løvås K, Breivik LE, Thrane AS, Meling Stokland AE, Rødahl E, Husebye ES.
   Eur J Endocrinol. 2022 Jun 29;187(2):293-300.
    
8. Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders in Autoimmune Addison Disease.
   Ann-Elin Meling Stokland, Grethe Ueland, Kari Lima, Kaja Grønning, Trine E Finnes, Margrethe Svendsen, Aneta Ewa Tomkowicz, Synnøve Emblem Holte, Stina Therese Sollid, Aleksandra Debowska, Hallvard Singsås, Marthe Landsverk Rensvik, Helle Lejon, Dag-Erik Sørmo, Anders Svare, Sigrid Blika, Petya Milova, Elin Korsgaard, Øystein Husby, Lars Breivik, Anders P Jørgensen, Eystein Sverre Husebye.
   J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 107 (6), e2331-e2338
    
9. Autoantibodies to Perilipin-1 Define a Subset of Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy.
   Mandel-Brehm C, Vazquez SE, Liverman C, Cheng M, Quandt Z, Kung AF, Parent A, Miao B, Disse E, Cugnet-Anceau C, Dalle S, Orlova E, Frolova E, Alba D, Michels A, Oftedal BE, Lionakis MS, Husebye ES, Agarwal AK, Li X, Zhu C, Li Q, Oral E, Brown R, Anderson MS, Garg A, DeRisi JL.
   Diabetes. 2022 Jun 16:db211172.
    
10. Premature menopause and autoimmune primary ovarian insufficiency in two international multi-center cohorts.
    Vogt EC, Real FG, Husebye ES, Björnsdottir S, Benediktsdottir B, Bertelsen RJ, Demoly P, Franklin KA, de Aja Gallastegui LS, González FJC, Heinrich J, Holm M, Jogi NO, Leynaert B, Lindberg E, Malinovschi A, Martínez-Moratalla J, Mayoral RG, Oudin A, Pereira-Vega A, Semjen CR, Schlünssen V, Triebner K, Øksnes M.
    Endocr Connect. 2022 May 25;11(5)
     
11. Fear of Covid 19 during the third wave of infection in Norwegian patients with type 1 diabetes.
    Ueland GÅ, Ernes T, Vonheim Madsen T, Husebye ES, Sandberg S, Fjell Løvaas K, Cooper JG.
    PLoS One. 2022 Jul 28;17(7):e0272133
     
12. Extrathymic expression of Aire controls the induction of effective T_H17 cell-mediated immune response to Candida albicans.
    Dobeš J, Ben-Nun O, Binyamin A, Stoler-Barak L, Oftedal BE, Goldfarb Y, Kadouri N, Gruper Y, Givony T, Zalayat I, Kováčová K, Böhmová H, Valter E, Shulman Z, Filipp D, Husebye ES, Abramson
    J.Nat Immunol. 2022 Jul;23(7):1098-1108. 
     
13. Doctors, teach your adrenal insufficiency patients well: provide them with a European Emergency Card!
    Johan G Beun, Pia Burman, Olle Kämpe, Eystein S Husebye, Stephanie Hahner, Jette Kristensen, Alida Noordzij, and Per Dahlqvist
    Endocr Connect. 2022 Dec 12;12(1)
     

1. 21-Hydroxylase-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Autoimmune Addison’s Disease Are Restricted by HLA-A2 and HLA-C7 Molecules.
   Alexander Hellesen, Sigrid Aslaksen, Lars Breivik, Ellen Christine Røyrvik, Øyvind Bruserud, Kine Edvardsen, Karl Albert Brokstad, Anette Susanne Bøe Wolff, Eystein Sverre Husebye and Eirik Bratland
   Front. Immunol. 2021 Oct, 12:742848
    
2. Preexisting autoantibodies to type I IFNs underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with APS-1.
   Paul Bastard, Elizaveta Orlova, Leila Sozaeva, Romain Levy , Alyssa James, Monica M. Schmitt , Sebastian Ochoa, Maria Kareva , Yulia Rodina , Adrian Gervais,, Tom Le Voyer, Jeremie Rosain, Quentin Philippot, Anna-Lena Neehus, Elana Shaw, Melanie Migaud, Lucy Bizien, Olov Ekwal,, Stefan Berg, Guglielmo Beccuti0, Lucia Ghizzoni0, Gerard Thiriez, Arthur Pavot, Cecile Goujard, Marie-Louise Fremond, Edwin Carter, Anya Rothenbuhler, Agnès Linglart, Brigite Mignot, Aurelie Comte, Nathalie Cheikh, Olivier Hermine,, Lars Breivik, Eystein S. Husebye, Sebastien Humbert, Pierre Rohrlich, Alain Coaquette, Fanny Vuoto, Karine Faure, Nizar Mahlaoui, Primoz Kotnik, Tadej Battelino,, Katarina Trebusak Podkrajsek, Kai Kisand, Elise M.N. Ferre, Thomas DiMaggio, Lindsey B. Rosen, Peter D. Burbelo, Martin McIntyre, Nelli Y. Kann , Anna Shcherbina, Maria Pavlova, Anna Kolodkina, Steven M. Holland, Shen-Ying Zhang, Yanick J. Crow,, Luigi D. Notarangelo , Helen C. Su , Laurent Abel, Mark S. Anderson, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Benedicte Neven, Anne Puel, Jean-Laurent Casanova and Michail S. Lionakis
   J Exp Med (2021) 218 (7): e20210554.
    
3. The natural history of 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies in autoimmune Addison’s disease.
   Anette Boe Wolff, Lars Breivik, Karl Ove Hufthammer, Marianne Aardal Grytaas, Eirik Bratland, Eystein Sverre Husebye and Bergithe Eikeland Oftedal
   European Journal of Endocrinology (2021) 184, 607–615
    
4. GWAS for autoimmune Addison's disease identifies multiple risk loci and highlights AIRE in disease susceptibility
   Daniel Eriksson, Ellen Christine Røyrvik, Maribel Aranda-Guillén, Amund Holte Berger, Nils Landegren, Haydee Artaza Alvarez, Åsa Hallgren, Marianne Grytaas, Sara Ström, Eirik Bratland, Ileana Botusan, Bergithe Eikeland Oftedal, Lars Breivik, Marc Vaudel, Øyvind Helgeland, Alberto Falorni, Anders P. Jørgensen, Anna-Lena Hulting, Johan Svartberg, Olov Ekwall, Kristian Fougner, Jeanette Wahlberg, Bjørn G. Nedrebø, Per Dahlqvist, The Norwegian Addison Registry Study Group, The Swedish Addison Registry Study Group, Per Morten Knappskog, Anette Susanne Bøe Wolff, Sophie Bensing, Stefan Johansson, Olle Kämpe, Eystein S. Husebye. Nature Communications, 2021 Feb 11;12(1):959. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21015-8.
    
5. Adrenal insufficiency
   Eystein S. Husebye, Simon Pearce, Nils Krone, Olle Kämpe.
   The Lancet, 2021 Feb 13;397(10274):613-629
    
6. Mechanistic dissection of dominant AIRE mutations in mouse models reveals AIRE autoregulation.
   Goldfarb Y, Givony T, Kadouri N, Dobeš J, Peligero-Cruz C, Zalayat I, Damari G, Dassa B, Ben-Dor S, Gruper Y, Oftedal BE, Bratland E, Erichsen MM, Berger A, Avin A, Nevo S, Haljasorg U, Kuperman Y, Ulman A, Haffner-Krausz R, Porat Z, Atasoy U, Leshkowitz D, Husebye ES, Abramson J.
   J Exp Med. 2021 Nov 1;218(11):e20201076.
    
7. B Cells and Autoantibodies in AIRE Deficiency.
   Wolff ASB, Braun S, Husebye ES, Oftedal BE.
   Biomedicines. 2021 Sep 21;9(9):1274.
    
8. Potential Transcriptional Biomarkers to Guide Glucocorticoid Replacement in Autoimmune Addison’s Disease 
   Åse Bjorvatn Sævik, Anette B Wolff, Sigridur Björnsdottir, Katerina Simunkova, Martha Schei Hynne, David William Peter Dolan, Eirik Bratland, Per M Knappskog, Paal Methlie, Siri Carlsen, Magnus Isaksson, Sophie Bensing, Olle Kämpe, Eystein S Husebye, Kristian Løvås, Marianne Øksnes.
   Journal of the Endocrine Society, Volume 5, Issue 3, March 2021, bvaa202
    
9. Adrenal insufficiency.
   Hahner S, Ross RJ, Arlt W, Bancos I, Burger-Stritt S, Torpy DJ, Husebye ES, Quinkler M.
   Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021 Mar 11;7(1):19
    
10. Primary Ovarian Insufficiency in women with Addison’s disease
    Vogt EC, Breivik L, Røyrvik EC, Grytaas M, Husebye ES, Øksnes M.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Mar 4:dgab14
     
11. Vitamin D status and pathway genes in five European autoimmune Addison's disease cohorts
    Marissa Penna-Martinez, Gesine Meyer, Anette Bøe Wolff, Beate Skinningsrud, Corrado Betterle, Alberto Falorni, William Ollier, Dag Undlien, Eystein Husebye, Simon Pearce, Anna L Mitchell and Klaus Badenhoop.
    Eur J Endocrinol. 2021 Mar;184(3):373-381.
     
12. Sex-Specific Limitations in Physical Health in Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
    Nora Møller Didriksen, Åse Bjorvatn Sævik, Linn Solveig Sortland, Marianne Øksnes, Eystein Sverre Husebye
    Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Oct 18;12:718660.
     
13. Transcriptional changes in regulatory T cells from patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 suggest functional impairment of lipid metabolism and gut homing
    Berger, Amund Holte; Bratland, Eirik; Sjøgren, Thea; Heimli, Marte; Tyssedal, Torgeir; Bruserud, Øyvind; Johansson, Stefan; Husebye, Eystein Sverre; Oftedal, Bergithe Eikeland; Wolff, Anette Susanne Bøe.
    Frontiers in Immunology 2021 ;Volum 12
     
14. Feminizing adrenal tumor identified by plasma steroid profiling.
    Elinor Chelsom Vogt, Kathrin Hammerling, Halfdan Sorbye, Anette Heie, Andre Sulen, Grethe Ueland, Eystein Husebye, and Paal Methlie.
    Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports Issiue, Vol:21-01; November 2021

1. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19
   Paul Bastard, Lindsey B. Rosen, Qian Zhang...Eystein S. Husebye…Jean-Laurent Casanova.
   Science 370, eabd4585 (2020). DOI: 10.1126/science.abd4585
    
2. Residual Corticosteroid Production in Autoimmune Addison Disease
   Sævik ÅB, Åkerman, AK, Methlie P, Quinkler M, Jørgensen AP, Höybye C, Debowska AJ, Nedrebø BG, Dahle AL, Carlsen S, Tomkowicz A, Sollid ST, Nermoen I, Grønning K, Dahlqvist P, Grimnes G, Skov J, Finnes T, Valland SF, Wahlberg J, Holte SE, Simunkova K, Kämpe O, Husebye ES, Bensing S, Øksnes M
   J Clin Endocrinol Metab, Volume 105, Issue 7, July 2020, Pages 2430–2441
    
3. Primary Adrenal Lymphoma as a Cause of Adrenal Insufficiency, a Report of Two Cases
   Grønning K, Sharma A, Mastroianni MA, Karlsson BD, Husebye ES, Løvås K, Nermoen I.
   Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2020 Mar 10;2020:19-0131. doi: 10.1530/EDM-19-0131
    
4. Current Management and Outcome of Pregnancies in Women With Adrenal Insufficiency: Experience from a Multicenter Survey
   Christina Bothou, Gurpreet Anand, Dingfeng Li, Tina Kienitz, Khyatisha Seejore, Chiara Simeoli, Andreas Ebbehoj, Emma G Ward, Rosa Maria Paragliola, Rosario Ferrigno, Klaus Badenhoop, Sophie Bensing, Marianne Oksnes, Daniela Esposito, Ragnhildur Bergthorsdottir, William Drake, Jeanette Wahlberg, Nicole Reisch, Stefanie Hahner, Simon Pearce, Peter Trainer, Gwendolin Etzrodt-Walter, Sébastien P Thalmann, Åse B Sævik, Eystein Husebye, Andrea M Isidori, Henrik Falhammar, Gesine Meyer, Salvatore M Corsello, Rosario Pivonello, Robert Murray, Irina Bancos, Marcus Quinkler, Felix Beuschlein
   J Clin Endocrinol Metab, Volume 105, Issue 8, August 2020.
    
5. Diagnostic testing of autonomous cortisol secretion in adrenal incidentalomas
   Grethe Å Ueland, Thea Grinde, Paal Methlie, Oskar Kelp, Kristian Løvås, Eystein S Husebye
   Endocr Connect. 2020 Oct;9(10):963-970. 
    
6. New ERA of therapy for endocrine autoimmune disorders
   Bergithe Eikeland Oftedal and Anette Susanne Bøe Wolff
   Scand J Immunol. 2020 Nov;92(5):e12961
    
7. The prospects of single-cell analysis in autoimmunity
   André Sulen, Shahinul Islam, Anette S B Wolff, Bergithe E Oftedal
   Scand J Immunol. 2020 Nov;92(5):e12964.
    
8. Medisinsk koding til besvær
   Marianne Aardal Grytaas, Lars Breivik, Anders Palmstrøm Jørgensen, Trine Elisabeth Finnes, Lena Adriana Denstad Skavlan, Robert Wiik, Knut Ivar Johansen, Eystein Sverre Husebye
   Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2020 Utgave 14, 13. oktober 2020
    
9. Low serum sodium concentrations in patients with obesity normalizes with weight loss
   Anne-Lise Bjørke Monsen, Solveig Meyer Mikalsen, Grethe Åstrøm Ueland, Jan Aaseth og Jon Elling Whist
   Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Volume 41, February 2021, Pages 405-411

Is there a need for an emergency card in hypoparathyroidism?
Astor MC, Zhu W, Björnsdottir S, Bollerslev J, Kämpe O, Husebye ES
J Intern Med 2019 Apr;285(4):429-435. Epub 2018 des 12

The autoimmune targets in IPEX are dominated by gut epithelial proteins.
Eriksson D, Bacchetta R, Gunnarsson HI, Chan A, Barzaghi F, Ehl S, Hallgren Å, van Gool F, Sardh F, Lundqvist C, Laakso SM, Rönnblom A, Ekwall O, Mäkitie O, Bensing S, Husebye ES, Anderson M, Kämpe O, Landegren N
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019 Jul;144(1):327-330.e8. Epub 2019 apr 23

Identification and characterization of rare toll-like receptor 3 variants in patients with autoimmune Addison's disease
Sigrid Aslaksen, Anette B.Wolff, Magnus D. Vigeland, Lars Breivik, Ying Shen, Bergithe E.Oftedal, Haydee Artaza, Beate Skinningsrud, Dag E. Undlien, Kaja K.Selmer, Eystein S.Husebye, Eirik Bratland
Journal of Translational Autoimmunity, 2019

Coexistence of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Autoimmune Addison's Disease.
Aslaksen S, Methlie P, Vigeland MD, Jøssang DE, Wolff AB, Sheng Y, Oftedal BE, Skinningsrud B, Undlien DE, Selmer KK, Husebye ES, Bratland E
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019;10():648. Epub 2019 sep 27

21-hydroxylase autoantibodies are more prevalent in Turner syndrome but without an association to the autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I.
Berglund A, Cleemann L, Oftedal BE, Holm K, Husebye ES, Gravholt CH.
Clin Exp Immunol. 2019;195(3):364-368. doi:10.1111/cei.13231

The Short Cosyntropin Test Revisited: New Normal Reference Range Using LC-MS/MS.
Ueland GÅ, Methlie P, Øksnes M, Thordarson HB, Sagen J, Kellmann R, Mellgren G, Ræder M, Dahlqvist P, Dahl SR, Thorsby PM, Løvås K, Husebye ES
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Apr 1;103(4):1696-1703

Oral microbiota in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1.
Bruserud Ø, Siddiqui H, Marthinussen MC, Chen T, Jonsson R, Oftedal BE, Olsen I, Husebye ES, Wolff AB
JOral Microbiol. 2018 Feb 26;10(1)

Autoimmune Addison's disease - An update on pathogenesis.
Hellesen A, Bratland E, Husebye ES
Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2018 Jun;79(3):157-163

Metabolic Complications in Adrenal Insufficiency
Ueland GA, Husebye ES.
Front Horm Res. 2018;49:104-113.

Adrenal venous sampling for assessment of autonomous cortisol secretion.
Ueland GÅ, Methlie P, Jøssang DE, Sagen JV, Viste K, Thordarson HB, Heie A, Grytaas M, Løvås K, Biermann M, Husebye ES
JClin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Aug 2.

Oral Tongue Malignancies in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1. 
Bruserud Ø, Costea DE, Laakso S, Garty BZ, Mathisen E, Mäkitie A, Mäkitie O, and Eystein S. Husebye
Front Endocrinol. 2018 Aug 17;9:463

Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes 
Husebye ES, Anderson MS, Kämpe O.
N Engl J Med 2018; 378:1132-1141. doi : 10.1056/NEJMra1713301

Cytokine Autoantibody Screening in the Swedish Addison Registry Identifies Patients With Undiagnosed APS1
Eriksson D, Dalin F Eriksson GN, Landegren N, Bianchi M, Hallgren Å, Dahlqvist P, Wahlberg J, Ekwall O, Winqvist O, Catrina SB, Rönnelid J; Swedish Addison Registry Study Group, Hulting AL, Lindblad-Toh K, Alimohammadi M, Husebye ES, Knappskog PM, Rosengren Pielberg G, Bensing S, Kämpe O.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Jan 1;103(1):179-186. doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-01957.

ILF2 and ILF3 are autoantigens in canine systemic autoimmune disease.
Bremer HD, Landegren N, Sjöberg R, Hallgren Å, Renneker S, Lattwein E, Leonard D, Eloranta ML, Rönnblom L, Nordmark G, Nilsson P, Andersson G, Lilliehöök I, Lindblad-Toh K, Kämpe O, Hansson-Hamlin
H.Sci Rep. 2018 Mar 19;8(1):4852. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23034-w.

The potential role for infections in the pathogenesis of autoimmune Addison's disease 
Hellesen A, Bratland E.
Clin Exp Immunol. 2018 Aug 24. doi: 10.1111/cei.13207.

Clues for early detection of autoimmune Addison's disease - myths and realities. 
Sævik ÅB, Åkerman AK, Grønning K, Nermoen I, Valland SF, Finnes TE, Isaksson M, Dahlqvist P, Bergthorsdottir R, Ekwall O, Skov J, Nedrebø BG, Hulting AL, Wahlberg J, Svartberg J, Höybye C, Bleskestad IH, Jørgensen AP, Kämpe O, Øksnes M, Bensing S, Husebye E.
J Intern Med. 2018 Feb;283(2):190-199. doi: 10.1111/joim.12699

Simultaneous assay of cortisol anddexamethasone improved diagnostic accuracy of the dexamethasone suppressiontest.
Ueland GÅ, Methlie P, Kellmann R, Bjørgaas M, Åsvold BO, Thorstensen K, Kelp O, Thordarson HB, Mellgren G, Løvås K, Husebye ES.
Eur J Endocrinol 176, 705-713, 2017.

Autoantibody Repertoire in APECED Patients Targets Two Distinct Subgroups of Proteins.
Fishman D, Kisand K, Hertel C, Rothe M, Remm A, Pihlap M, Adler P, Vilo J, Peet A, Meloni A, Podkrajsek KT, Battelino T, Bruserud Ø, Wolff ASB, Husebye ES, Kluger N, Krohn K, Ranki A, Peterson H, Hayday A, Peterson P.
Front Immunol 8, 976. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00976. eCollection 2017.

Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Nermoen I, Husebye ES, Myhre AG, Løvås K.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 137, 540-543, 2017.

Identification of endothelin-convertingenzyme-2 as an autoantigen in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1
Smith-Anttila CJA, Bensing S, Alimohammadi M, Dalin F, Oscarson M, Zhang MD, Perheentupa J, Husebye ES, Gustafsson J, Björklund P, Fransson A, Nordmark G, Rönnblom L, Meloni A, Scott RJ, Hökfelt T, Crock PA, Kämpe O.
Autoimmunity 50, 223-231, 2017

Expanding the phenotypic and genotypic landscape of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrometype-1
Orlova EM, Sozaeva LS, Kareva MA, Oftedal BE, Wolff ASB, Breivik L, Zakharova EY, Ivanova ON, Kämpe O, Dedov II, Knappskog PM, Peterkova VA, and Husebye ES.
J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 102, 3546-56, 2017.

Clinical characteristics andlong-term outcome of primary aldosteronism in a Norwegian population.
Grytaas MAa, Strømsøy SS, Rørvik JT, Arnes JB, Heie A, Arnesen T,  Jørstad MD, Nedrebø BG,  Jøssang DE, Jensen DK, Rørvik HD, Sagen JV, Mellgren G, Thordarson HB, Husebye ES, Løvås K.
Horm Metab Res 2017; 49(11): 838-846

Increased infiltration and tolerised antigen-specific CD8+ TEM cells in tumor but not peripheral blood have no impact on survival of HCMV+ glioblastoma patients.
Bahador M, Gras Navarro A, Rahman MA, Dominguez-Valentin M, Sarowar S, Ulvestad E, Njølstad G, Lie SA, Kristoffersen EK, Bratland E, Chekenya M. 
Oncoimmunology. 2017 Jun 5;6(8):e1336272.

Altered Immune Activation and IL-23 Signaling in Response to Candida albicans in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1.
Bruserud Ø, Bratland E, Hellesen A, Delaleu N, Reikvam H, Oftedal BE, Wolff ASB.
Front Immunol. 2017 Sep 1;8:1074.

Impaired salivarygland activity in patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I
Oftedal BE, Marthinussen MC, Erichsen MM, Tveitarås MK, Kjellesvik-Kristiansen A, Hammenfors D, Jonsson MV, Kisand K, Jonsson R, Wolff ASB.
Autoimmunity. 2017 Jun;50(4):211-222.

Effect of a pre-exercise hydrocortisone dose on short-term physical performance in female patients with primary adrenal failure. Simunkova K, Jovanovic N, Rostrup E, Methlie P, Øksnes M, Nilsen RM, Hennø H, Tilseth M, Godang K, Kovac A, Løvås K, Husebye ES. 
Eur J Endocrinol 174, 97-105, 2016.

Diagnosis and treatment of primary adrenal insufficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.
Bornstein SR, Allolio B, Arlt W, Barthel A, Don-Wauchope A, Hammer GD, Husebye ES, Merke DP, Murad MH, Stratakis CA, Torpy DJ. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 101, 364-389, 201

Proteome-wide survey of the autoimmune target repertoire in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1
Nils Landegren N, Sharon D, Freyhult E, Hallgren Å, Eriksson D, Edqvist PH, Bensing S, Wahlberg J, Nelson LM, Gustafsson J, Husebye ES, Anderson MS, Snyder M, Kämpe O.
Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 1;6:20104.

Anticommensal Responses Are Associated with Regulatory T Cell Defect in Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy Patients.
Hetemäki I, Jarva H, Kluger N, Baldauf HM, Laakso S, Bratland E, Husebye ES, Kisand K, Ranki A, Peterson P, Arstila TP.
J Immunol. 196, 2955-64, 2016.

Analysis of cellular and humoral immune responses against cytomegalovirus in patients with autoimmune Addison's disease.
Edvardsen K, Hellesen A, Husebye ES, Bratland E.
J Transl Med. 14, 68, 2016.

Autoantibodies Targeting a Collecting Duct-Specific Water Channel in Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
Landegren N, Pourmousa Lindberg M, Skov J, Hallgren Ã…, Eriksson D, Lisberg Toft-Bertelsen T, MacAulay N, Hagforsen E, Räisänen-Sokolowski A, Saha H, Nilsson T, Nordmark G, Ohlsson S, Gustafsson J, Husebye ES, Larsson E, Anderson MS, Perheentupa J, Rorsman F, Fenton RA, Kämpe O.
J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Oct;27(10):3220-3228.

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Epidemiology, Quality of Life and Complications of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: a review
Bensing S, Hulting AL, Husebye ES, Kämpe O, Løvås K.
Eur J Endocrinol.175, R107-116, 2016.

Epidemiology and health related quality of life in hypoparathyroidism in Norway.
Astor MC, Løvås K, Debowska A, Eriksen EF, Evang JA, Fossum C, Fougner KJ, Holte SE, Lima K, Moe RB, Myhre AG, Kemp EH, Nedrebø¸ BG, Svartberg J, Husebye ES.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 101, 345-354, 2016

Adrenal Insufficiency Therapy: How to Keep the Balance between Good Quality of Life and Low Risk for Long-Term Side Effects. Simunkova K, Husebye ES. 
Front Horm Res. 46, 196-210, 2016.

A Longitudinal Follow-up of Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1
Bruserud Ø, Oftedal BE, Landegren N, Erichsen MM, Bratland E, Lima K, Jørgensen AP, Myhre AG, Svartberg J, Fougner KJ, Bakke Å, Nedrebø BG, Mella B, Breivik L, Viken MK, Knappskog PM, Marthinussen MC, Løvås K, Kämpe O, Wolff AB, Husebye ES.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 101, 2975-83, 2016.

AIRE-Deficient Patients Harbor Unique High-Affinity Disease-Ameliorating Autoantibodies.
Meyer S, Woodward M, Hertel C, Vlaicu P, Haque Y, Kärner J, Macagno A, Onuoha SC, Fishman D, Peterson H, Metsküla K, Uibo R, Jäntti K, Hokynar K, Wolff AS; APECED patient collaborative, Krohn K, Ranki A, Peterson P, Kisand K, Hayday A.
Cell 166, 582-95, 2016.

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Epidemiology, Quality of Life and Complications of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: a review. Bensing S, Hulting AL, Husebye ES, Kämpe O, Løvås K
Eur J Endocrinol.175, R107-116, 2016.

Adrenal Insufficiency Therapy: How to Keep the Balance between Good Quality of Life and Low Risk for Long-Term Side Effects.
Simunkova K, Husebye ES. 
Front Horm Res. 46, 196-210, 2016.

Linkage analysis in autoimmune Addison’s disease: NFATC1 as a potential novel susceptibility locus.  
Mitchell AL, Bøe Wolff A, MacArthur K, Weaver JU, Vaidya B, Swedish Addison Registry Study Group, Erichsen MM, Darlay R, Husebye ES, Cordell HJ, Pearce SH.
PLoS One. 2015 Jun 4;10(6):e0123550

Interleukin-2 and subunit alpha of its soluble receptor in autoimmune Addison’s disease - an association study and expression analysis.
Fichna M, Zurawek M, Bratland E, Husebye ES, Kasperlik-Zaluska A, Czarnocka B, Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska D,Nowak J.
Autoimmunity. 2015 Mar;48(2):100-7.

A man in his 30s with diabetes and vitiligo.
Bruserud Ø, Husebye ES.  
No. 8, 5. mai 2015 Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2015135:763-6

Dominant mutations in the autoimmune regulator AIRE are associated with common organ-specific autoimmune diseases.
Oftedal BE, Hellesen A, Erichsen MM, Bratland E, Vardi A, Perheentupa J, Kemp EH, Fiskerstrand T, Viken MK, Weetman AP, Fleishman SJ, Banka S, Newman WG, Sewell WA, Sozaeva LS, Zayats T, Haugarvoll K, Orlova EM, Haavik J, Johansson S, Knappskog PM, Løvås K, Wolff AS, Abramson J, Husebye ES.
Immunity. 2015 Jun 16;42(6):1185-96

Circadian hormone profiles and insulin sensitivity in patients with Addison’s disease: a comparison of continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion with conventional glucocorticoid replacement therapy.
Björnsdottir S, Øksnes M, Isaksson M, Methlie P, Nilsen RM, Hustad S, Kämpe O, Hulting AL, Husebye ES, Løvås K,Nyström T, Bensing S.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2015 Jul;83(1):28-35

Peripheral blood cells from patients with autoimmune Addison’s disease poorly respond to interferons in vitro, despite elevated serum levels of interferon-inducible chemokines. 
Edvardsen K, Bjåsøy T, Hellesen A, Breivik L, Bakke M, Husebye ES, Bratland E.
J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2015 Oct;35(10):759-70.

Determination of 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies:inter-laboratory concordance in the Euradrenal InternationalSerum Exchange Program.
Falorni A, Bini V, Betterle C, Brozzetti A, Castaño L, Fichna M, Kämpe O, Mellgren G, Peterson P, Chen S, RönnelidJ, Seissler J, Tiberti C, Uibo R, Yu L, Lernmark A , Husebye ES.
Clin Chem Lab Med. 2015 Oct;53(11):1761-70.

Hypomagnesemia and functional hypoparathyroidism due to novel mutations in the Mg-channel TRPM6.Astor MC, Løvås K, Wolff AS, Nedrebø B, Bratland E, Steen-Johnsen J, Husebye ES. 
Endocr Connect 2015 vol. 4 no. 4 215-222

A European Emergency Card for adrenal insufficiency can save lives.
Quinkler M, Dahlqvist P, Husebye ES, Kämpe O.
Eur J Intern Med. 2015 Jan;26(1):75-6.

Circadian hormone profiles and insulin sensitivity in patients with Addison's disease: a comparison of continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion with conventional glucocorticoid replacement therapy.    
Björnsdottir S, Øksnes M, Isaksson M, Methlie P, Nilsen RM, Hustad S, Kämpe O, Hulting AL, Husebye ES, Løvås K, Nyström T, Bensing S.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2014 Nov 17.

Interleukin-2 and subunit alpha of its soluble receptor in autoimmune Addison's disease - An association study and expression analysis.​Fichna M, Zurawek M, Bratland E, Husebye ES, Kasperlik-Zaluska A, Czarnocka B, Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska D, Nowak J.
Autoimmunity. 2014 Oct 27:1-8. 

Clinical and serologic parallels to APS-I in patients with thymomas and autoantigen transcripts in their tumors.      
Wolff AS, Kärner J, Owe JF, Oftedal BE, Gilhus NE, Erichsen MM, Kämoe O, Meager A, Peterson P, Kisand K, Willcox N, Husebye ES. 
J Immunol. 2014 Oct 15;193(8):3880-90.

High Frequency of Cytolytic 21-Hydroxylase-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Autoimmune Addison's Disease Patients.​ 
Dawoodji A, Chen JL, Shepherd D, Dalin F, Tarlton A, Alimohammadi M, Penna-Martinez M, Meyer G, Mitchell AL, Gan EH, Bratland E, Bensing S, Husebye ES, Pearce SH, Badenhoop K, Kämpe O, Cerundolo V.​ 
J Immunol. 2014 Sep 1;193(5):2118-26. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400056. Epub 2014 Jul 25.

Putative candidate genes for canine hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease) in multiple dog breeds. 
Short AD, Catchpole B, Boag AM, Kennedy LJ, ​Massey J, Rothwell S, Henthorn PS, Littman MP, Husebye E, Ollier B.
Vet Rec. 2014 Nov 1;175(17):430

A novel cell-based assay for measuring neutralizing autoantibodies against type I interferons in patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1. ​ 
Breivik L, Oftedal BE, Bøe Wolff AS, Bratland E, Orlova EM, Husebye ES.
Clin Immunol. 2014 Jul;153(1):220-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.04.013. Epub 2014 May 2.

The effect of types I and III interferons on adrenocortical cells and its possible implications for autoimmune Addison's disease.  
Hellesen A, Edvardsen K, Breivik L, Husebye ES, Bratland E. 
Clin Exp Immunol. 2014 Jun;176(3):351-62. doi: 10.1111/cei.12291.

Altered DNA methylation profile in Norwegian patients with Autoimmune Addison's Disease. 
Bjanesoy TE, Andreassen BK, Bratland E, Reiner A, Islam S, Husebye ES, Bakke M. ​
Mol Immunol. 2014 Jun;59(2):208-16. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.02.018. Epub 2014 Mar 22.

Continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion versus oral hydrocortisone replacement for treatment of addison's disease: a randomized clinical trial.
Øksnes M, Björnsdottir S, Isaksson M, Methlie P, Carlsen S, Nilsen RM, Broman JE, Triebner K, Kämpe O, Hulting AL, Bensing S, Husebye ES, Løvås K.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 May;99(5):1665-74. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-4253. Epub 2014 Feb 11.

Functional studies of novel CYP21A2 mutations detected in Norwegian patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.​ ​
Brønstad I, Breivik L, Methlie P, Wolff AS, Bratland E, Nermoen I, Løvås K, Husebye ES. 
Endocr Connect. 2014 Apr 15;3(2):67-74. doi: 10.1530/EC-14-0032. Print 2014.

Autoantibodies targeting neurotransmitter biosynthetic enzymes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 
Hegvik TA, Husebye ES, Haavik J.  
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014 Feb;23(2):115-7. doi: 10.1007/s00787-013-0429-3. Epub 2013 May 28

Consensus statement on the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with primary adrenal insufficiency.
Husebye ES, Allolio B, Arlt W, Badenhoop K, Bensing S, Betterle C, Falorni A, Gan EH, Hulting AL, Kasperlik-Zaluska A, Kämpe O, Løvås K, Meyer G, Pearce SH.  ​
J Intern Med. 2014 Feb;275(2):104-15. doi: 10.1111/joim.12162. Epub 2013 Dec 16. Review.

Association of autoimmune Addison's disease with alleles of STAT4 and GATA3 in European cohorts.
Mitchell AL, Macarthur KD, Gan EH, Baggott LE, Wolff AS, Skinningsrud B, Platt H, Short A, Lobell A, Kämpe O, Bensing S, Betterle C, Kasperlik-Zaluska A, Zurawek M, Fichna M, Kockum I, Nordling Eriksson G, Ekwall O, Wahlberg J, Dahlqvist P, Hulting AL, Penna-Martinez M, Meyer G, Kahles H, Badenhoop K, Hahner S, Quinkler M, Falorni A, Phipps-Green A, Merriman TR, Ollier W, Cordell HJ, Undlien D, Czarnocka B, Husebye E, Pearce SH. ​ 
PLoS One. 2014 Mar 10;9(3):e88991. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088991. eCollection 2014.​

Anti-cytokine autoantibodies preceding onset of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I features in early childhood. Wolff AS, Sarkadi AK, Maródi L, Kärner J, Orlova E, Oftedal BE, Kisand K, Oláh E, Meloni A, Myhre AG, Husebye ES, Motaghedi R, Perheentupa J, Peterson P, Willcox N, Meager A.​ ​ 
J Clin Immunol. 2013 Nov;33(8):1341-8. doi: 10.1007/s10875-013-9938-6. Epub 2013 Oct 26.

A candidate gene analysis of canine hypoadrenocorticism in 3 dog breeds.
Short AD, Boag A, Catchpole B, Kennedy LJ, Massey J, Rothwell S, Husebye E, Ollier B.
J Hered.​ ​2013 Nov-Dec;104(6):807-20. doi: 10.1093/jhered/est051. Epub 2013 Aug 31.​

BPIFB1 is a lung-specific autoantigen associated with interstitial lung disease.
Shum AK, Alimohammadi M, Tan CL, Cheng MH, Metzger TC, Law CS, Lwin W, Perheentupa J, Bour-Jordan H, Carel JC, Husebye ES, De Luca F, Janson C, Sargur R, Dubois N, Kajosaari M, Wolters PJ, Chapman HA, Kämpe O, Anderson MS.
​Sci Transl Med. 2013 Oct 9;5(206):206ra139. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006998.

Multisteroid LC-MS/MS assay for glucocorticoids and androgens, and its application in Addison's Disease.
Methlie P, Hustad SS, Kellmann R, Almås B, Erichsen MM, Husebye E, Løvås K.
Endocr Connect. 2013 Jun 14.

Autoantibodies targeting neurotransmitter biosynthetic enzymes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ​
Hegvik TA, Husebye ES, Haavik J. 
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013 May 28

MHC class II association study in eight breeds of dog with hypoadrenocorticism. ​
Massey J, Boag A, Short AD, Scholey RA, Henthorn PS, Littman MP, Husebye E, Catchpole B, Pedersen N, Mellersh CS, Ollier WE, Kennedy LJ. 
Immunogenetics. 2013 Apr;65(4):291-7. doi10.1007/s00251-013-0680-2.

Anti-cytokine autoantibodies suggest pathogenetic links with autoimmune regulator deficiency in humans and mice.
Kärner J, Meager A, Laan M, Maslovskaja J, Pihlap M, Remm A, Juronen E, Wolff AS, Husebye ES, Podkrajšek KT, Bratanic N, Battelino T, Willcox N, Peterson P, Kisand K. 
Clin Exp Immunol. 2013 Mar;171(3):263-72. doi: 10.1111/cei.12024.

Changes in adipose glucocorticoid metabolism before and after bariatric surgery assessed by direct hormone measurements.
Methlie P, Dankel S, Myhra T, Christensen BR, Gjerde J, Fadnes D, Våge V, L Vås K, Mellgren G. 
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013 Mar 20. doi: 10.1002/oby.20449.

Screening for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy among adult males with Addison's disease. 
Horn MA, Erichsen MM, Wolff AS, Månsson JE, Husebye ES, Tallaksen CM, Skjeldal OH.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2013 Jan 24. doi: 10.1111/cen.12159.

Induction of CXCL10 chemokine in adrenocortical cells by stimulation through toll-like receptor 3.
Bratland E, Hellesen A, Husebye ES.  
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 365, 75-83, 2013

Consensus statement on the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with primary adrenal insufficiency. 
Husebye ES, Allolio B, Arlt W, Badenhoop K, Bensing S, Betterle C, Falorni A, Gan EH, Hulting AL, Kasperlik-Zaluska A, Kämpe O, Løvås K, Meyer G, Pearce SH. 
​J Intern Med. 2014 Feb;275(2):104-15. doi: 10.1111/joim.12162. Epub 2013 Dec 16. Review.

Autoantibodies against aromatic amino acid hydroxylases in patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 target multiple antigenic determinants and reveal regulatory regions crucial for enzymatic activity. 
Bratland E, Magitta NF, Bøe Wolff AS, Ekern T, Knappskog PM, Kämpe O, Haavik J, Husebye ES.
Immunobiology. 2012 Oct 26. doi:pii: S0171-2985(12)00516-5. 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.10.006.

Nytt steroidkort ved binyrebarksvikt. 
Husebye ES, Erichsen MM, Myhre AG, Bratke H, Jørgensen AP, Dahlqvist P, Løvås K.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2012 okt 02;132(18):2043-2044.

Radioligand-binding assay reveals distinct autoantibody preferences for type I interferons in APS I and myasthenia gravis subgroups.
Hapnes L, Willcox N, Oftedal BE, Owe JF, Gilhus NE, Meager A, Husebye ES, Wolff AS. 
J Clin Immunol, 32, 230-7, 2012.

Genetic, anthropometric and metabolic features of adult Norwegian patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. 
Nermoen I, Brønstad I, Fougner KJ, Svartberg J, Oksnes M, Husebye ES, Løvås K.
Eur J Endocrinol, 167, 507-16, 2012.

Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1: An Extensive Longitudinal Study in Sardinian Patients.
Meloni A, Willcox N, Meager A, Atzeni M, Wolff AS, Husebye ES, Furcas M, Rosatelli MC, Cao A, Congia M.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 97, 1114-1124, 2012.

Quality of Life in European Patients with Addison's Disease: Validity of the Disease-Specific Questionnaire AddiQoL.
Øksnes M, Bensing S, Hulting AL, Kämpe O, Hackemann A, Meyer G, Badenhoop K, Betterle C, Parolo A, Giordano R, Falorni A, Papierska L, Jeske W, Kasperlik-Zaluska AA, Chatterjee VK, Husebye ES, Løvås K. 
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 97, 568-76, 2012.

High frequency of adrenal myelolipomas and testicular adrenal rest tumours in adult Norwegian patients with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia because of 21-hydroxylase deficiency.        Nermoen I, Rørvik J, Holmedal SH, Hykkerud DL, Fougner KJ, Svartberg J, Husebye ES, Løvås K. 
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2011 Dec;75(6):753-9. 

Radioligand-Binding Assay Reveals Distinct Autoantibody Preferences for Type I Interferons in APS I and Myasthenia Gravis Subgroups.
Hapnes L, Willcox N, Oftedal BE, Owe JF, Gilhus NE, Meager A, Husebye ES, Wolff AS. 
J Clin Immunol. 2011 Nov 30.

Multiple loci in the HLA complex are associated with Addison's disease. 
Skinningsrud B, Lie BA, Lavant E, Carlson JA, Erlich H, Akselsen HE, Gervin K, Wolff AB, Erichsen MM, Løvås K, Husebye ES, Undlien DE. 
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Oct;96(10)

Measuring autoantibodies against IL-17F and IL-22 in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I by radioligand binding assay using fusion proteins.​ 
Oftedal BE, Kämpe O, Meager A, Ahlgren KM, Lobell A, Husebye ES, Wolff AS. 
Scand J Immunol. 2011 Sep;74(3):327-33

Genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) in patients with autoimmune Addison's disease. 
Brønstad I, Wolff AS, Løvås K, Knappskog PM, Husebye ES. 
BMC Med Genet. 2011 Aug 18;12:111

Cellular immunity and immunopathology in autoimmune Addison's disease.
Bratland E, Husebye ES. 
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011 Apr 10;336(1-2):180-90. Epub 2010 Dec 15. Review.

TSGA10 - A target for autoantibodies in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Smith CJ, Oscarson M, Rönnblom L, Alimohammadi M, Perheentupa J, Husebye ES, Gustafsson J, Nordmark G, Meloni A, Crock PA, Kämpe O, Bensing S.
​Scand J Immunol. 2011 Feb;73(2):147-53.

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I – Man. 
Husebye ES, Kämpe O. 
Immunoendocrinology, pp 115-128, 2010, George S. Eisenbarth (ed.). Springer Verlag 2011.

Grapefruit juice and liquorice increase cortisol availability in patients with Addison’s disease​.
Methlie P, Husebye ES, Hustad S, Lien EA, Løvås K. 
Eur J Endocrinol, 165, 761-9, 2011.

Genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) in patients with autoimmune Addison's disease.
Brønstad I, Wolff AS, Lovas K, Knappskog PM, Husebye ES. 
​BMC Med Genet, 12, 111-115.

Multiple loci in the HLA complex are associated with Addison’s disease.
Skinningsrud B, Lie BA, Lavant E, Carlson JA, Erlich H, Akselsen HE, Gervin K, Wolff AB, Erichsen MM, Løvås K, Husebye ES*, Undlien DE*. 
J Clin Endocrinol Metabol, 96, E1703-8, 2011.

High frequency of Adrenal Myelolipomas and Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumours in adult Norwegian Patients with Classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency. 
Nermoen I, Rørvik J, Holmedal SH, Hykkerud DL, Fougner KJ, Svartberg J, Husebye ES, Løvås K. ​
Clin Endocrinol 75, 753-9, 2011.

Measuring autoantibodies against IL-17F and IL-22 by radioimmunoassay using fusion proteins.
Oftedal BEV, Kämpe O, Meager A, Ahlgren K, Lobell A, Husebye ES, Wolff ASB. 
Scand J Immunol, 74, 327-333

Hypoparathyroidism and autoimmunity in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
Lima K, Abrahamsen TG, Wolff ASB, Husebye ES, Alimohammadi M, Kämpe O, Følling I.
​Eur J Endocrinol 165, 345-352, 2011.

Cellular immunity and immunopathology in autoimmune Addison's disease 
Bratland E, Husebye ES. 
Mol Cell Endocrinol 336, 180-190, 2011.

TSGA10 - A target for autoantibodies in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 and systemiclupus erythematosus.
Smith CJ, Oscarson M, Rönnblom L, Alimohammadi M, Perheentupa J, Husebye ES, Gustafsson J, Nordmark G, Meloni A, Crock PA, Kämpe O, Bensing S. 
Scand J Immunol 73, 147-53, 2011

Sexuality and fertility in women with Addison's disease.    
Erichsen MM, Husebye ES, Michelsen TM, Dahl AA, Løvås K.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Sep;95(9):4354-60. Epub 2010 Jul 7.

Subjective health status in men and women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a population-based survey in Norway. Nermoen I, Husebye ES, Svartberg J, Løvås K.
Eur J Endocrinol. 2010 Sep;163(3):453-9. Epub 2010 Jun 15.

Flow cytometry study of blood cell subtypes reflects autoimmune and inflammatory processes in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I.
Wolff AS, Oftedal BE, Kisand K, Ersvaer E, Lima K, Husebye ES. 
Scand J Immunol. 2010 Jun;71(6):459-67.

Phenotypic variation in a large family with autosomal dominant hypocalcaemia.    
Sørheim JI, Husebye ES, Nedrebø BG, Svarstad E, Lind J, Boman H, Løvås K. 
Horm Res Paediatr. 2010;74(6):399-405. Epub 2010 May 26.

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes: clues to type 1 diabetes pathogenesis.
Husebye ES, Anderson MS.
Immunity. 2010 Apr 23;32(4):479-87. Review.PMID:20412758

Acquired autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, thymoma, and an AIRE defect
Cheng MH, Fan U, Grewal N, Barnes M, Mehta A, Taylor S, Husebye ES, Murphy EJ, Anderson MS. 
N Engl J Med. 2010 Feb 25;362(8):764-6.

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in APECED or thymoma patients correlates with autoimmunity to Th17-associated cytokines.
Kisand K, Bøe Wolff AS, Podkrajsek KT, Tserel L, Link M, Kisand KV, Ersvaer E, Perheentupa J, Erichsen MM, Bratanic N, Meloni A, Cetani F, Perniola R, Ergun-Longmire B, Maclaren N, Krohn KJ, Pura M, Schalke B, Ströbel P, Leite MI, Battelino T, Husebye ES, Peterson P, Willcox N, Meager A. 
J Exp Med. 2010 Feb 15;207(2):299-308. 

Development of a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire in Addison's disease.
Løvås K, Curran S, Oksnes M, Husebye ES, Huppert FA, Chatterjee VK.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Feb;95(2):545-51. Epub 2009 Dec 16.

Sexuality and fertility in women with Addison's disease.​ 
Erichsen MM, Husebye ES, Michelsen TM, Dahl AA, Løvås K. 
J Clin Endocrinol Metabol, 95, 4354-4360, 2010

Phenotypic variation in a large family with autosomal dominant hypocalcaemia.
Sørheim JI, Husebye ES,,Nedrebø BG,Svarstad E, Lind J, Boman H, Løvås K. 
Hormone research in pædiatrics 74, 399-405, 2010.

Flow cytometry study of cell subtypes reflects autoimmune and inflammatory processes in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I.
Wolff ASB, Oftedal BEV, Kisand K, Ersvær E, Lima K, Husebye ES. 
Scand J Immunol, 71, 459-467, 2010.

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes: clues to type 1 diabetes pathogenesis.
Husebye ES, Anderson MS.
​Immunity, 32, 479-487, 2010.

Functional autoantibodies cause hypoparathyroidism.
​Husebye ES. 
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Dec;94(12):4655-7.  

T cell responses to steroid cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase in patients with autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency.
Bratland E, Skinningsrud B, Undlien DE, Mozes E, Husebye ES. 
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Dec;94(12):5117-24.

Clinical, immunological, and genetic features of autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency: observations from a Norwegian registry.
Erichsen MM, Løvås K, Skinningsrud B, Wolff AB, Undlien DE, Svartberg J, Fougner KJ, Berg TJ, Bollerslev J, Mella B, Carlson JA, Erlich H, Husebye ES. 
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Dec;94(12):4882-90.

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) gene variants contribute to autoimmune Addison's disease and Graves' disease susceptibility.
Mitchell AL, Cordell HJ, Soemedi R, Owen K, Skinningsrud B, Wolff AB, Ericksen M, Undlien D, Husebye E, Pearce SH.
​J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Dec;94(12):5139-45.  

Novel sequence variation of AIRE and detection of interferon-omega antibodies in early infancy.
Tóth B, Bøe Wolff AS, Halász Z, Tar A, Szüts P, Ilyés I, Erdős M, Szegedi G, Husebye ES, Zeher M, Maródi L. 
​Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009 Oct 26. 

X-linked congenital adrenal hypoplasia with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism caused by an inversion disrupting a conserved noncoding element upstream of the NR0B1 (DAX1) gene.
Skinningsrud B, Husebye ES, Gilfillan GD, Frengen E, Erichsen A, Gervin K, Ormerod E, Egeland T, Undlien DE. 
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Oct;94(10):4086-93.

A CLEC16A variant confers risk for juvenile idiopathic arthritis and anti-CCP negative rheumatoid arthritis.​
Skinningsrud B, Lie BA, Husebye ES, Kvien TK, Førre O, Flatø B, Stormyr A, Joner G, Njølstad PR, Egeland T, Undlien DE. 
Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Sep 3. 

The purification and application of biologically active recombinant steroid cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase: the major autoantigen in autoimmune Addison's disease.​
Bratland E, Bredholt G, Mellgren G, Knappskog PM, Mozes E, Husebye ES. 
J Autoimmun. 2009 Aug;33(1):58-67.

Immunology of Addison's disease and premature ovarian failure.
Husebye ES, Løvås K. 
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2009 Jun;38(2):389-405

Glucocorticoid replacement therapy and pharmacogenetics in Addison's disease: effects on bone.
Løvås K, Gjesdal CG, Christensen M, Wolff AB, Almås B, Svartberg J, Fougner KJ, Syversen U, Bollerslev J, Falch JA, Hunt PJ, Chatterjee VK, Husebye ES. 
Eur J Endocrinol. 2009 Jun;160(6):993-1002. 

Clinical manifestations and management of patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I.
Husebye ES, Perheentupa J, Rautemaa R, Kämpe O. 
J Intern Med. 2009 May;265(5):514-29.

Pathogenesis of primary adrenal insufficiency.
Husebye E, Løvås K.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Apr;23(2):147-57.  

Pulmonary autoimmunity as a feature of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 and identification of KCNRG as a bronchial autoantigen.
Alimohammadi M, Dubois N, Sköldberg F, Hallgren A, Tardivel I, Hedstrand H, Haavik J, Husebye ES, Gustafsson J, Rorsman F, Meloni A, Janson C, Vialettes B, Kajosaari M, Egner W, Sargur R, Pontén F, Amoura Z, Grimfeld A, De Luca F, Betterle C, Perheentupa J, Kämpe O, Carel JC. 
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Mar 17;106(11):4396-401. 

Autoantibodies in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I patients react with major brain neurotransmitter systems.
Fetissov SO, Bensing S, Mulder J, Le Maitre E, Hulting AL, Harkany T, Ekwall O, Sköldberg F, Husebye ES, Perheentupa J, Rorsman F, Kämpe O, Hökfelt T.
J Comp Neurol. 2009 Mar 1;513(1):1-20.

Normal overall mortality rate in Addison's disease, but young patients are at risk of premature death.​
Erichsen MM, Løvås K, Fougner KJ, Svartberg J, Hauge ER, Bollerslev J, Berg JP, Mella B, Husebye ES. 
Eur J Endocrinol. 2009 Feb;160(2):233-7.  

Two adults with adrenal myelolipoma and 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
Nermoen I, Følling I, Vegge K, Larmo A, Nedrebø BG, Husebye ES, Løvås K. 
Case Report Med. 2009;2009:916891.

Mutation screening of PTPN22: association of the 1858T-allele with Addison's disease. ​
Skinningsrud B, Husebye ES, Gervin K, Løvås K, Blomhoff A, Wolff AB, Kemp EH, Egeland T & Undlien DE. 
Eur J Hum Genet 2008;16: 977-982.

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I in Slovakia: relevance of screening patients with autoimmune Addison's disease.
F Magitta N, Pura M, S Bøe Wolff A, Vanuga P, Meager A, M Knappskog P, Husebye ES. 
Eur J Endocrinol 2008; 158 (5):705-9

Interferon autoantibodies associated with AIRE deficiency decrease the expression of IFN-stimulated genes.
Kisand K, Link M, Wolff AS, Meager A, Tserel L, Org T, Murumägi A, Uibo R, Willcox N, Trebusak Podkrajsek K, Battelino T, Lobell A, Kämpe O, Lima K, Meloni A, Ergun-Longmire B, Maclaren NK, Perheentupa J, Krohn KJ, Scott HS, Husebye ES, Peterson P. 
Blood. 2008 Oct 1;112(7):2657-66.

Autoantibodies against type I interferons as an additional diagnostic criterion for autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I. 
Meloni A, Furcas M, Cetani F, Marcocci C, Falorni A, Perniola R, Pura M, Bøe Wolff AS, Husebye ES, Lilic D, Ryan KR, Gennery AR, Cant AJ, Abinun M, Spickett GP, Arkwright PD, Denning D, Costigan C, Dominguez M, McConnell V, Willcox N, Meager. 
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Nov; 93 (11): 4389-97

Radioimmunoassay for autoantibodies against interferon omega; its use in the diagnosis of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I.
Oftedal BE, Wolff AS, Bratland E, Kämpe O, Perheentupa J, Myhre AG, Meager A, Purushothaman R, Ten S, Husebye ES.
Clin Immunol. 2008 Oct; 129 (1); 163-9.         

AIRE variations in Addison's disease and autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS): partial gene deletions contribute to APS I.
Bøe Wolff AS, Oftedal B, Johansson S, Bruland O, Løvås K, Meager A, Pedersen C, Husebye ES & Knappskog PM.
Genes Immun 2008;9: 130-136.

A coding polymorphism in NALP1 confers risk for autoimmune Addison's disease and type 1 diabetes. 
Magitta NF, Bøe Wolff AS, Johansson S, Skinningsrud B, Lie BA, Myhr KM, Undlien DE,Joner G, Njølstad PR, Kvien TK, Førre O, Knappskog PM, Husebye ES. ​
Genes Immun. 2008 Oct 23

Polymorphisms in CLEC16A and CIITA at 16p13 are associated with primary adrenal insufficiency. 
Skinningsrud B, Husebye ES, Pearce SH, McDonald DO, Brandal K, Bøe Wolff A, Løvås K, Egeland T & Undlien DE.  
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 Eur J Hum Genet. 2008 Aug;16(8):977-82.

Replacement therapy for Addison's disease: recent developments.
Løvås K, Husebye ES.
Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2008 Apr;17(4):497-509.

AIRE variations in Addison's disease and autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS): partial gene deletions contribute to APS I.Bøe Wolff AS, Oftedal B, Johansson S, Bruland O, Løvås K, Meager A,Pedersen C, Husebye ES,Knappskog PM. 
Genes Immun. 2008 Mar;9(2):130-6. Epub 2008 Jan 17.

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 and NALP5, a parathyroid autoantigen.​
Alimohammadi M, Björklund P, Hallgren A, Pöntynen N, Szinnai G, Shikama N, Keller MP,Ekwall O, Kinkel SA, Husebye ES, Gustafsson J, Rorsman F, Peltonen L, Beterle C, Perheentupa J, Akerström G, Westin G, Scott HS, Holländer GA, Kämpe O.
N Engl J Med. 2008 Mar 6;358(10):1018-28.

Endocrinologic emergency medicine.​
Husebye ES. 
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2008 Feb 28;128(5):574.

Mutation screening of PTPN22: association of the 1858T-allele with Addison's disease.​ 
Skinningsrud B, Husebye ES, Gervin K, Løvås K, Blomhoff A, Wolff AB, Kemp EH, Egeland T & Undlien DE.
Eur J Hum Genet 2008;16: 977-982.

Continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion in Addison's disease.
Løvås K, Husebye ES.
Eur J Endocrinol. 2007 Jul;157(1):109-12.

Fc-gamma receptor polymorphisms are not associated with autoimmune Addison's disease.​
Wolff AS, Myhr KM,Vedeler CA, Husebye ES. 
Scand J Immunol. 2007 Jun;65(6):555-8.                                                                                 

Clinical evolution of Kearns-Sayre syndrome with polyendocrinopathy and respiratory failure.
Sandaker PS, Husebye ES, Fondenes O, Bindoff LA. 
Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 2007;187:64-7.

Salivary cortisol in adrenal disesases.
Løvas K, Husebye ES. ​
Tidsskr. Nor Lægeforen. 2007 Mar 15;127(6):730-2. Review Norwegian.

Pituitary autoantibodies in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1.
Bensing S,Fetissov SO,Mulder J, Perheentupa J, Gustafsson J, Husebye ES, Oscarson M. Ekwall O, Crock PA,Hokfelt T, Hulting AK, Kampe O.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007 Jan 16;104(3);949-54. Epub 2007 Jan 10.

Epitope mapping of human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. 
Bratland E, Wollf AS, Haavik J, Kampe O, Skoldberg F,Perheentpa J, Bredholt G, Knappskog PM,Husebye ES. 
Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2007 Feb 16;353(3):692-8.Epub 2006 Dec 22.

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 in Norway: phenotypic variation, autoantibodies, and novel mutations in the autoimmune regulator gene.
Wolff AS,Erichsen MM,Meager A, Magitta NF,Myhre AG,Bollerslev J, Fougner K,Lima K, Knappskog PM, Husebye ES.
J Clin. Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Feb;92(2):595-603.Epub 2006 Nov 21.

Identification of an immunodominant T cell epitope in 21-hydroxylase, the main autoantigen in autoimmune Addison's disease.
Husebye ES, Bredholt G, Fridkin M, Dayan M, Zinger H, Mozes E. 
Endocrinology, 147, 2411-6, 2006.

Anti-interferon autoantibodies in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1.
Meager A, Visvalingam KV, Peterson P, Möll K, Murumåagi A, Krohn K, Eskelin P, Perheentupa J, Husebye ES, Kadota Y, Willcox N. 
Plos Med Jul,3(7)3, e289.

Detection of autoantibodies to the BTB-kelch protein KLHL7 in cancer sera.
Bredholt G Storstein A, Haugen M, Krossnes B, Husebye ES, Knappskog PM, Vedeler CA.  
Scandinavian J of Immunol,  2006 64 (3):325-35.

Saliva cortisol measurement: Simple and reliable assessment of the glucocorticoid replacement therapy in Addison's disease.
Løvås K, Thorsen T, Husebye ES. 
​J Endocrinol Invest, 2006 Sep,29(8):727-31.

The substrate-binding domain of 21-hydroxylase,the main autoantigen in autoimmune Addisons's disease, is an immunodominant T cell epitope.
Husebye ES,Bratland E, Bredholt G, Fridkin M, Dayan M, Mozes E.  
Endocrinology. 2006 May;147(5):2411-6.Epub 2006 Feb 23.

Hereditary endocrine tumour diseases.
Husebye ES, Varhaug JE, Heimdal K.
Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen. 2005 Nov 3;125(21):2964-7.

Addison's disease.
Løvås K,Husebye ES. 
Lancet. 2005 Jun 11-17;365(9476):2058-61

Primary adrenal failure-causes, diagnostics and therapy.
Løvås K,Erichsen MM,Husebye ES,Fougner KJ,Svartberg J, Mella B, Myhre AG,Berg JP, Aarskog D. 
Tidsskr. Nor Lægeforen.2005 Jan 20;125(2):155-8 .

CTLA4 polymorphisms are associated with vitiligo, in patients with concomitant autoimmune diseases.
Blomhoff A, Kemp EH, Gawkrodger DJ, Weetman AP, Husebye ES, Akselsen HE, Lie AB, Undlien DE.
Pigment Cell Res.18,55-8,2005.​

Primær binyrebarksvikt-årsaker, diagnostikk og behandling.
Løvås K, Erichsen MM, Husebye ES, Fougner KJ, Svartberg J, Mella B, Myhre AG, Berg JP, Aarskog D. 
Tidsskr Nor lægeforen,125,155-8,2005.

Arvelige nevroendokrine tumorer.​
Husebye, ES, Varhaug JE, Heimdal K.  
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2005.

Autoantibodies against 21-hydroxylase and side-chain cleavage enzyme in autoimmune Addison's disease are mainly immunoglobulin G1.
Bøe AS, Bredholt G, Knappskog PM, Hjelmervik TO, Winquist O, Kämpe O, Husebye ES. 
Eur J Endocrinol. 150,49-56,2004

Prevalence and Clinical Associations of Ten Defined Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes Type 1.
Söderbergh A,M yhre AG, Mietinen A, Eskelin P, Ekwall O, Halonen M,Hedstrand H,Nilsson T,Landgren E,Tuomi T,Gustafsson J,Husebye ES, Perheentupa J, Manns MP, Kämpe O, Rorsman F. 
J Clin Endocrinol Metabo 89,557-62,2004.

Paraneoplastic antibodies detected by a sensitive radiobinding assay.
Storstein A, Monstad SE, Nakkestad Hl, Husebye ES, Vedeler CA.
J Neurology,251,197-203,2004.

Retarded bone growth in thyroid hormone resistance. A clininal study of a large family with a novel thyroid hormone receptor mutation.
Kvistad PH, Lovas K, Boman H, Myking OL. ​
Eur J Endocrinol.2004 Apr;150(4):425-30

Analysis of antibody reactivity against cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase, a pyridoxal phosphate dependent enzyme, in endocrine autoimmune disease.
Sköldberg F, Rorsman F, Perheentupe J, Landin-Olson M, Husebye ES, Gustafsson J, Kämpe O. 
​J Clin Endocrinol Metabol, 89,1636-40,2004.

Polymorphisms in the CTLA4 gene region confer susceptibility to Addison's disease.
Blomhoff A, Lie BA, Myhre AG, Kemp EH, Weetman AP, Akselsen HE, Husebye ES, Undlien DE. 
J Clin Endocrinol Metabol, 89, 3474-3476, 2004.

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and primary hypothyroidism in two families.
Myhre AG, Stray-Pedersen A, Spangen S, Eide E, Veimo D, Knappskog PM, Abrahamsen TG, Husebye ES. 
Eur J Pediatr, 163, 604-611, 2004.

Døgnrytme til besvær.
Løvås K, Cooper JG, Thorsen T, Thordarson H, Husebye ES. 
Tidsskr Nor lægeforen, 123, 1858-1859, 2003.

Replacement therapy in Addison's disease.​ 
Løvås K, Husebye ES. 
Curr Opinion Pharmacotherapy 4, 2145-2149, 2003.

Cushing syndrom. I Livsboka, En bok om Addison, Adrenogenitalt Syndrom, Akromegali Cushing og hypofysesvikt
Husebye ES.
Morbus Addison foreningen 2003, pp 49-56.

Replacement of dehydroepiandrosterone in adrenal failure.No benefit for subjective health status in a placebo-controled clinical trial.
Løvås K, Gebre-Medhin G, Trovik T, Fougner K, Uhlving S, Nedrebø BG, Myking OL, Kämpe O, Husebye ES. 
J Clin Endocrinical Metabol,88,1112-1118,2003

Histidine Decarboxylase, a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme, is an autoantigen of gastric enterochromaffin-like cells.
Sköldberg F, Portela-Gomes GM, Grimelius L, Nilsson G, Perheentupa J, BetterleC, Husebye ES, Gustafsson J, Rønnblom A, Rorsman F, Kämpe O. 
J Clin Endocrinol Metabol,88,1445-1452,2003.

Sleep disturbances in patients with Addison's disease.​
Løvås K,Husebye ES,Holsten F, Bjorvatn B. 
Eur J Endocrinol 148,449-456,2003

High frequency of coeliac disease among patients with autoimmune adrenocortical failure.
Myhre AG, Årsethøy H, Undlien DE, Hovdenak N, Aksnes L, Husebye ES. 
Scand J Gastroenterol,38, 511-515, 2003.

Autoimmune adrenocortical failure in Norway. Autoantibodies and HLA class II associations related to clinical features.​
Myhre AG, Undlien DE, Løvås K, Uhlving S, Nedrebø, BG, Fougner K, Trovik T, Sørheim JI, Husebye ES.  
J Clin Endocrinol Metabol, 87, 618-623, 2002.

Predictors of outcome and comparison of different drug regimens for the prevention of relapse in patients with Gra​ves' disease.
Nedrebø BG,Holm P,Ulving S, Sørheim JI, Skeie S, Eide GE, Husbye ES,Lien EA, Aanderud S. 
Eur J Endocrinol, 147,583-589.2002.

Mutational analysis of the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE) in sporadic autoimmune Addison`s Disease can reveal patients with unidentified autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I.
Bøe AS, Knappskog PM, Myhre AG, Sørheim JI, Husebye ES. 
Eur J Endocrinol, 146, 519-522, 2002.

Subjective Health Status in Norwegian patients with Addison's disease. 
Løvås K, Loge JH, Husebye ES.
Clin Endocrinol, in press, 56, 581-588, 2002.

Endoscopic ultrasongraphy for preoperative diagnosis and localization of insulinomas.
Nesje LB,Varhaug JE,Husebye ES, Ødegaard S. 
Scand J Gastroenterolo,37,732-737,2002

AIRE mutations and human leukocyte antigen genotypes as determinants of the autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy phenotype.
Halonen M, Eskelin P, Myhre AG, Perheentupa J, Husebye ES, Kämpe O, Rorsman F, Peltonen L, Partanen J. 
J Clin Endokrinol Metabol,87 2568-2574,2002

Autoimmune adrenocortical failure in Norway. Autoantibodies and HLA class II associations related to clinical features.
Myhre AG, Undlien DE, Løvås K, Uhlving S, Nedrebø, BG, Fougner K, Trovik T, Sørheim JI, Husebye ES. 
​J Clin Endocrinol Metabol, 87, 618-623, 2002

Akutt binyrebarksvikt, symptomer og behandling.
Husebye ES.  
Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen, 121,1260, 2001.

Autoimmune polyendocrine  syndrome type 1 (APS I) in Norway.​
Myhre AG, Halonen M, Ekwall O, Eskelin P, Hedstrand HH, Kämpe O, Rorsman F, Husebye ES. 
Clinical Endocrinology 54, 211-217, 2001.

The transcription factors SOX9 and SOX10 are vitiligo autoantigens in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I.
Hedstrand H, Ekwall O, Olsson MJ, Landgren E, Kemp EH, Weetman AP, Perheentupa J, Husebye ES, Gustafsson J, Betterle C, Kämpe O, and Rorsman R. 
J Biol Chem, 276, 35390-35395, 2001.

Mutations in the mitochondrial complex II subunit SDHB cause susceptibility to familial pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.
Astuti D, Latif F, Dallol A, Dahia A, Douglas F, George E, Sköldberg F, Husebye ES, Eng C,  Maher ER. 
Am J Hum Genetics, 69, 49-54, 2001.

Identification of tyrosine hydroxylase as an autoantigen in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I.
Hedstrand H, Ekwall O, Haavik J, Landgren E, Betterle C, Perheentupa J, Gustafsson J, Husebye E, Rorsman F, Kampe O. 
Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 267, 456-61, 2000.

Oral dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) replacement therapy in women with Addison's disease. 
Gebre-Medhin, Husebye ES, Mallmin H, Helström L, Berne C, Karlsson FA, Kämpe O. 
​Clin Endocrinol, 52, 775-780, 2000.

Inhibition of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase activity by human autoantibodies. 
Husebye ES, Bøe A, Rorsman F, Kämpe O, Aakvaag A, Rygh T, Flatmark T, Haavik J. 
Clin Exp Immunology 120, 420-423, 2000.

Pteridin dependent hydroxylases as autoantigens in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I. 
Ekwall O, Hedstrand HH, Haavik J, Perheentupa J, Betterle C, Gustafsson J, Husebye ES, Kämpe O, Rorsman F. 
J Clin Endocrinol Metabol, 85, 2944-2950, 2000.

Autoantibodies against aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase delineate a subgroup of patients with Addison's disease.
Søderbergh A, Rorsman F, Björses P, Ekwall O, Rygh T, Kämpe O and Husebye ES. 
J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 85, 460-463, 2000.

Antibodies against hair follicles are associated with alopecia totalis in patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I.
Hedstrand H, Peerhentupa J, Ekwall E, Gustafson J, Nordlind K, Michaëlsson G, Husebye ES, Frosman F, Kämpe O.  
J Invest Dermatol 113, 1054-8, 1999.

Identification of tryptophan hydroxylase as an intestinal autoantigen.
Ekwall O, Hedstrand HH, Grimelius L, Haavik J, Perheentupa J, Gustafsson J, Husebye ES, Kämpe O, Rorsman F.  
The Lancet, 352, 279-283, 1998

A cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphism is associated with autoimmune Addison's disease in English patients.
Kemp E, Ajjan RA, Husebye ES, Peterson P, Uibo, R, Imrie H, Pearce S, Watson PF, Weetman AP.​ 
Clin Endocrinol, 49, 609-614, 1998.

Three sisters with Addison's disease.
Myhre A-G, Bjørses P, Dalen A, Husebye ES.
J Clin Endocrinol Metabol, 83, 4204-4206, 1998.

Primær binyrebarksvikt - en diagnostisk utfordring. 
Husebye ES, Aanderud S. 
Tidsskr Nor Lægefor, 118, 542-544, 1998.

Autoimmune polyendokrine syndrom.
Husebye ES.
Pediatrisk endokrinologi,11, 40-44, 1998.​​

Autoantibodies against Aromatic L-amino acid Decarboxylase in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type I. 
Husebye ES, Gebre-Medhin G, Tuomi T, Perheentupa J, Landin-Olsson M, Gustafsson J, Rorsman F and Kämpe O. 
J Clin Endocrinol Metabol, 82, 147-150, 1997.